Categories:

• Earth and the Environment
  • Atmosphere and Weather
  • Biographies
  • Ecology and Environmentalism
  • Geography
  • Geology and Oceanography
  • Minerals, Mining, and Metallurgy
• History
  • Ancient Greece and Rome
  • Asia and Africa
  • Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific
  • Biographies
  • Historians and Chronicles
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Modern Europe
  • United States and Canada
• Literature and the Arts
  • Art and Architecture
  • Biographies
  • Classical Literature, Mythology, and Folklore
  • Fashion, Design, and Crafts
  • Journalism and Publishing
  • Language, Linguistics, and Literary Terms
  • Literature in English
  • Literature in Other Modern Languages
  • Performing Arts
  • Scholars and Historians
• Medicine
  • Anatomy and Physiology
  • Biographies
  • Diseases and Conditions
  • Divisions, Diagnostics, and Procedures
  • Drugs
  • Psychology
• People
  • History
  • Literature and the Arts
  • Medicine
  • Philosophy and Religion
  • Science and Technology
  • Social Sciences and the Law
  • Sports and Games
• Philosophy and Religion
  • Ancient Religions
  • Biographies
  • Christianity
  • Eastern Religions
  • Islam
  • Judaism
  • Other Religious Beliefs and General Terms
  • Philosophy
  • The Bible
• Places
  • Africa
  • Asia
  • Australia and Oceania
  • Britain, Ireland, France, and the Low Countries
  • Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic Nations
  • Germany, Scandinavia, and Central Europe
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
  • Oceans, Continents, and Polar Regions
  • Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and the Balkans
  • United States and Canada
• Plants and Animals
  • Agriculture and Horticulture
  • Animals
  • Biographies
  • Botany
  • Microbes, Algae, and Fungi
  • Plants
  • Zoology and Veterinary Medicine
• Science and Technology
  • Astronomy and Space Exploration
  • Biochemistry
  • Biographies
  • Biology and Genetics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Electrical Engineering
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Technology
• Social Sciences and the Law
  • Anthropology and Archaeology
  • Biographies
  • Economics, Business, and Labor
  • Education
  • Law
  • Political Science and Government
  • Sociology and Social Reform
• Sports and Everyday Life
  • Biographies
  • Crafts and Household Items
  • Days and Holidays
  • Fashion and Clothing
  • Food and Drink
  • Games
  • Manners and Customs
  • Social Organizations
  • Sports

Documents for "Zoology: Biographies":

• Akeley, Carl Ethan 1864-1926, American naturalist, animal sculptor, and author, b. Orleans co., N.Y. He served (1887-95) at the Museum of Milwaukee; from 1895 to 1909 he was at the Field Museum of Natural History,...

• Audubon, John James 1785-1851, American ornithologist, b. Les Cayes, Santo Domingo (now Haiti). The illegitimate son of a French sea captain and plantation owner and a Creole chambermaid who died months after his...

• Avebury, John Lubbock, 1st Baron see Lubbock, Sir John.

• Bütschli, Otto 1848-1920, German zoologist. He was professor of zoology at the Univ. of Heidelberg. His researches on invertebrate animals advanced knowledge of the development of gastropods, insects, and other...

• Baird, Spencer Fullerton 1823-87, American zoologist, b. Reading, Pa., grad. Dickinson College, 1840. He was professor of natural history at Dickinson from 1846 to 1850. While at the Smithsonian Institution (from 1850; as...

• Bates, Henry Walter 1825-92, English naturalist and explorer. In 1848 he went with A. R. Wallace to Brazil, where he explored the upper Amazon, returning in 1859 with some 8,000 new zoological species. He was the...

• Beebe, William (Charles William Beebe) , 1877-1962, American ornithologist, explorer, and author, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., B.S. Columbia, 1898. He became (1899) curator of ornithology and later (1919) director of the department of tropical...

• Bonnet, Charles 1720-93, Swiss naturalist and philosopher. He drew attention to parthenogenesis in aphids, but his theories were highly fanciful and unscientific. His books include Traité d'insectologie (1745)...

• Conklin, Edwin Grant 1863-1952, American zoologist, b. Waldo, Ohio, B.S. Ohio Wesleyan Univ., 1886, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins Univ., 1891. From 1908 he taught and conducted research at Princeton, principally in cytology...

• Coues, Elliott 1842-99, American ornithologist, b. Portsmouth, N.H., grad. Columbian College, later Columbian Univ. and now George Washington Univ. (B.A., 1861; M.D., 1863; Ph.D., 1869). He served as an army...

• Davenport, Charles Benedict 1866-1944, American zoologist, b. Stamford, Conn., Ph.D. Harvard, 1892. As director (1904-34) of the experimental station of Carnegie Institution at Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., he conducted research...

• Dean, Bashford 1867-1928, American zoologist and armor expert, b. New York City, grad. College of the City of New York, 1886, Ph.D. Columbia, 1890. He taught zoology at Columbia (1891-1927), served with the U.S...

• Ditmars, Raymond Lee 1876-1942, American naturalist and author, b. Newark, N.J., grad. Barnard Military Academy, 1891. His early skill in preparing insect collections led to his first position in the division of...

• Dujardin, Félix 1801-60, French zoologist. He did valuable research on bacteria and on the Infusoria. In 1835 he described protoplasm in unicellular animals, naming it sarcode.

• Eigenmann, Carl H. 1863-1927, American ichthyologist, b. Germany, grad. Indiana Univ., 1886. From 1891 he taught at Indiana Univ., founding and directing the biological station at Winona Lake. With his wife, Rosa...

• Fabre, Jean Henri 1823-1915, French entomologist and author. He is known for his observations on insects and his study of their behavior. Fabre demonstrated the importance of instinct among insects. He taught until...

• Fabricius, Johan Christian 1745-1808, Danish entomologist. Influenced by the methods of Linnaeus, under whom he studied, he devised a system of classification of insects based on mouth structure. He taught at the Univ. of...

• Forster, Johann Reinhold 1729-98, German naturalist and teacher. His Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1772-73) on zoology, ornithology, and ichthyology established him as one of the earliest authorities on North American zoology. Forster accompanied Capt. James Cook on his second voyage around the...

• Fossey, Dian 1932-85, American zoologist, b. San Francisco, who lived and worked with the mountain gorillas of central Africa, adding immeasurably to the understanding of their behavior. She received a...

• Frisch, Karl von 1887-1982, Austrian zoologist, b. Vienna, Austria. He studied zoology with Richard von Hertwig, whom he later succeeded as professor of zoology at Munich Univ. For his pioneering work in...

• Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne 1772-1844, French zoologist. He was professor at the Museum of Natural History (1793-1840) and also at the Faculty of Sciences (from 1809), both in Paris, and was a member (1798-1801) of...

• Goodall, Jane 1934-, English ethologist and primatologist. After working with Louis Leakey , she established (1960) a research camp in the Gombe Stream Game Reserve, a national park in what is now Tanzania, to study chimpanzee behavior. She kept meticulous records of their movements, interactions, and social organization. Among her many findings are that chimpanzees are capable of complex behavior patterns and emotional...

• Grassi, Giovanni Battista 1854-1925, Italian zoologist. He demonstrated (1898) that the Anopheles mosquito carries the plasmodium of malaria in its digestive tract. He is known also for his research on parasites, on migrations and metamorphosis in eels, on the vine parasite phylloxera, and on...

• Howard, Leland Ossian 1857-1950, American entomologist, b. Rockford, Ill., grad. Cornell (B.S., 1877), Ph.D. Georgetown Univ., 1896. Associated with the U.S. Bureau of Entomology from 1878 (as its chief, 1894-1927, and...

• Hyatt, Alpheus 1838-1902, American zoologist, b. Washington, D.C., grad. Harvard, 1862. He was a devoted follower of Louis Agassiz. From 1870, Hyatt was custodian and later curator of the Boston Society of...

• Jennings, Herbert Spencer 1868-1947, American zoologist, b. Tonica, Ill., B.S. Univ. of Michigan, 1893, Ph.D. Harvard, 1896. He was professor of zoology at Johns Hopkins (1906-10) and did research on genetics (especially...

• Jordan, David Starr 1851-1931, American scientist and educator, b. Gainesville, N.Y., M.S. Cornell, 1872, M.D. Indiana Medical College, 1875, and studied under Louis Agassiz at Penikese Island. He taught (1875-79) at...

• Kellogg, Vernon Lyman 1867-1937, American zoologist, b. Emporia, Kans., B.A. Univ. of Kansas, 1889. He was professor (1894-1920) of entomology at Stanford Univ. He served (1915-16) as director in Brussels of the...

• Lacépède, Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, comte de 1756-1825, French naturalist. As a youth he showed considerable talent in both music and physics and won the favor of Buffon , whose work in animal classification he was encouraged to continue. Buffon secured him a position at the Jardin du Roi (later the Jardin des Plantes). His best-known works deal with the oviparous...

• Lankester, Sir Edwin Ray 1847-1929, English zoologist. He was a professor at University College, London (1874-90) and Oxford (1891-98) and was director of the natural history department of the British Museum (1898-1907)...

• Leuckart, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf 1823-98, German zoologist, a founder of the science of parasitology. He made important discoveries in animal physiology and in comparative morphology and classification of invertebrates. His...

• Lorenz, Konrad 1903-89, Austrian zoologist and ethologist. He received medical training at the Univ. of Vienna and spent two years at the medical school of Columbia Univ. He received a Ph.D. (1936) in zoology...

• Lubbock, Sir John 1834-1913, English banker, statesman, and naturalist. As a member of Parliament from 1870, he introduced many reform bills, especially in banking, including legislation establishing bank holidays...

• Lyman, Theodore 1833-97, American naturalist, b. Waltham, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1855, and Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard, 1858. He was in the Union army as an aide (1863-65) on the staff of Gen. George Meade...

• Mayr, Ernst 1904-2005, American zoologist and author, b. Kempten, Germany. He began his career in Berlin and emigrated to the United States in 1931, where, until 1953, he was associated with the American...

• Milne-Edwards, Henri 1800-1885, French naturalist. He became professor at the Sorbonne (1843) and served at the Museum of Natural History, Paris, as professor (from 1841) and director (from 1864). He wrote important...

• Mivart, St. George Jackson 1827-1900, English anatomist and biologist. He contributed important anatomical studies of the insectivores and carnivores. He was converted to Roman Catholicism in 1844, and his attempts to...

• Morgan, Conwy Lloyd 1852-1936, English psychologist. Professor of zoology at University College, Bristol (1887-1909), he served as first vice chancellor of the Univ. of Bristol (1909-10) and was professor of...

• Newton, Alfred 1829-1907, English zoologist, b. Geneva. He studied (1854-65) ornithology in Lapland, Iceland, the West Indies, and North America and in 1866 became the first professor of zoology and comparative...

• Ormerod, Eleanor Anne 1828-1901, English economic entomologist. She aided the Royal Horticultural Society in forming a collection of insect farm pests and was awarded the Flora medal. Her Notes for Observations on Injurious...

• Owen, Sir Richard 1804-92, English zoologist and comparative anatomist. He studied medicine in Edinburgh and in 1827 joined the staff of the Hunterian museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, where he was first...

• Peterson, Roger Tory 1908-96, American ornithologist, writer, and illustrator, b. Jamestown, N.Y. He became famous with his best-selling pocket-sized Field Guide to the Birds (1934) and is known for his bold, precise drawings and paintings and his clear, succinct descriptive prose. He wrote or edited more than 50 books, many on birds, many on other facets of the natural...

• Redi, Francesco 1626?-1698?, Italian naturalist, poet, philologist, and court physician to the dukes of Tuscany. Through controlled experiments he demonstrated that certain living organisms, notably maggots in...

• Riley, Charles Valentine 1843-95, American entomologist, b. England. He emigrated to the United States in 1860 and served as state entomologist (1868-77) of Missouri and as entomologist (1878-79, 1881-94) in the Dept. of...

• Saint-Hilaire, Étienne Geoffroy see Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne.

• Say, Thomas 1787-1843, American naturalist, b. Philadelphia. He went on collecting expeditions to Georgia and Florida and, with Stephen H. Long, to the Rocky Mts. and up the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers...

• Schaudinn, Fritz 1871-1906, German zoologist. He confirmed the work of Sir Ronald Ross and G. B. Grassi on malaria, investigated amoebic dysentery, and in his research on protozoa discovered (1905) with Erich...

• Scudder, Samuel Hubbard 1837-1911, American entomologist, b. Boston, grad. Williams (B.A., 1857) and Harvard (B.S., 1862). The founder of American insect paleontology and an authority on Orthoptera and Lepidoptera, he was...

• Swammerdam, Jan 1637-80, Dutch naturalist. He was a pioneer in the use of the microscope. Before he turned to religious contemplation his chief interest was the study of invertebrates. He investigated the life...

• Thomson, Sir Charles Wyville 1830-82, Scottish naturalist, noted as a marine biologist and deep-sea explorer. He participated in three deep-sea dredging expeditions (1868-70) and obtained evidence that animal life abounded in...

• Thomson, Sir John Arthur 1861-1933, Scottish naturalist and writer. From 1899 to 1930 he was Regius professor of natural history at the Univ. of Aberdeen. In 1924 he lectured at Union Theological Seminary, New York City,...

• Tinbergen, Nikolaas 1907-88, Anglo-Dutch zoologist, b. Netherlands. He received his Ph.D. in 1932 from the Univ. of Leiden, where he became professor of zoology in 1947. In 1949 he joined the faculty of Oxford Univ...

• Whitman, Charles Otis 1842-1910, American zoologist, b. Woodstock, Maine, grad. Bowdoin, 1868, Ph.D. Univ. of Leipzig, 1878. From 1892 he was professor of zoology at the Univ. of Chicago. He founded (1887) and edited the...

• Willughby, Francis 1635-72, English naturalist. He is known especially for his early systematic work on birds and fishes, in which he made some of the most important contributions before those of Linnaeus. He toured...

• Wilson, Alexander 1766-1813, American ornithologist, b. Scotland. He came to the United States c.1794 and taught in rural New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Encouraged by William Bartram , he studied the birds of his adopted country, learned to portray them, and began his American Ornithology (9 vol., 1808-14), a work that is noted for its accuracy and sensitive draftsmanship. The last two volumes of this series of books were completed by his friend and biographer (1829), George Ord,...

• Wilson, Edmund Beecher 1856-1939, American zoologist, b. Geneva, Ill., grad. Yale (Ph.B., 1878), Johns Hopkins Univ. (Ph.D., 1881). He taught at Bryn Mawr (1885-91) and at Columbia (1891-1928), where he initiated...

• Wilson, Edward Osborne 1929-, American sociobiologist, b. Birmingham, Ala. Founder of sociobiology , Wilson argued in his controversial Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (1975) that all human behavior, including altruism, is genetically based, and therefore "selfish." He later called for careful study of "gene-cultural co-evolution." Critics have called sociobiology a dangerously reductive determinism that could be used to defend notions of racial superiority and eugenics; others have defended Wilson's evidence and biological...