Documents for "Horticulture: Biographies":

• Bailey, Liberty Hyde 1858-1954, American botanist and horticulturist, b. South Haven, Mich., grad. Michigan Agricultural College (now Michigan State Univ.), 1882. At Cornell Univ. he was professor of horticulture...

• Barton, Benjamin Smith 1766-1815, American physician and botanist, b. Lancaster, Pa., studied at the College of Philadelphia, at Edinburgh, and at Göttingen (M.D., 1789). He taught at the College of Philadelphia and,...

• Bartram, John 1699-1777, pioneer American botanist, b. near Darby, Pa. He had no formal schooling but possessed a keen mind and a great interest in plants. In 1728 he purchased land along the banks of the...

• Bary, Heinrich Anton de see De Bary.

• Bentham, George 1800-1884, one of the greatest of English systematic botanists; nephew of Jeremy Bentham. He wrote Handbook of British Flora (1858) and, with W. J. Hooker, Genera Plantarum (1862-83), as well as handbooks on the flora of several British possessions including a seven volume flora of Australia. He also produced global studies of several major plant families in the...

• Blakeslee, Albert Francis 1874-1954, American botanist, b. Genesee, New York. He received his Ph.D. at Harvard (1904) and was a member of the faculty until 1907. After several years as professor at Connecticut Agricultural...

• Bolley, Henry Luke 1865-1956, American plant pathologist, b. Dearborn co., Ind. He is noted for his work on organisms causing diseases of crop plants (including the discovery of the cause of potato scab), for his...

• Bose, Sir Jagadis Chandra or Sir Jagadis Chunder Bose , 1858-1937, Indian physicist and plant physiologist, educated in Calcutta (now Kolkata) and at Christ's College, Cambridge. He was professor of physical science (1885-1915) at Presidency College,...

• Britton, Nathaniel Lord 1859-1934, American botanist, grad. Columbia School of Mines, 1879. He taught geology and botany at Columbia, 1879-96. He was the New York Botanical Garden's first director and until his retirement...

• Brongniart, Adolphe Théodore 1801-76, French botanist; son of Alexandre Brongniart. He was a pioneer in the study of plant morphology and physiology and was author of an important work on plant fossils (1828-37) and of a...

• Brown, Robert 1773-1858, Scottish botanist and botanical explorer. In 1801 he went as a naturalist on one of Matthew Flinders's expeditions to Australia, returning (1805) to England with valuable collections. In...

• Burbank, Luther 1849-1926, American plant breeder, b. Lancaster, Mass. He experimented with thousands of plant varieties and developed many new ones, including new varieties of prunes, plums, raspberries,...

• Caesalpinus, Andreas Latinized from Andrea Cesalpino , 1519-1603, Italian botanist and physiologist. He was physician to Pope Clement VIII. He described, in part and as a theory only, the circulation of blood. His chief botanical work, De plantis (1583), contains the first classification of plants according to their fruits, based on a comparative study of his large collection. Linnaeus considered him the first true systematist. He was at...

• Camerarius, Rudolph Jacob 1665-1721, German botanist and physician. The first to present a clear and definite picture of sex in plants, Camerarius based his conclusions on careful experiments and observations. He described...

• Cesalpino, Andrea see Caesalpinus, Andreas.

• Clements, Frederic Edward 1874-1945, American plant ecologist and pioneer in the study of succession (see ecology ), b. Lincoln, Nebr., grad. Univ. of Nebraska, 1894. From 1917 to 1941 he was in charge of ecological research...

• Cohn, Ferdinand 1828-98, German botanist. He is considered a founder of the science of bacteriology. From his early studies of microscopic life he developed theories of the bacterial causes of infectious disease...

• Kölreuter, Joseph Gottlieb 1733-1806, German botanist. In 1764 he became professor of natural history and director of the botanical gardens at Karlsruhe. He experimented with hybridization of plants, studied their...

• Koelreuter, Joseph Gottlieb see Kölreuter.

• Lindley, John 1799-1865, English botanist and horticulturist. He organized the first flower shows in England and was influential in preserving the Royal Gardens at Kew (see Kew Gardens ). In 1829 he was appointed...

• Linnaeus, Carolus 1707-78, Swedish botanist and taxonomist, considered the founder of the binomial system of nomenclature and the originator of modern scientific classification of plants and animals. He studied botany and medicine and taught both at Uppsala. In Systema naturae (1735) he presented his classification of plants, animals, and minerals, and in Genera plantarum (1737) he explained his system for classifying plants largely on the basis of the number of stamens and pistils in the flower. Despite the artificiality of some of his premises, the Linnaean system...

• Michaux, André 1746-1802, French botanist. He collected botanical specimens in Europe and Asia. In 1785 he was sent by the French government to establish nurseries in the United States to cultivate plants for...

• Mohl, Hugo von 1805-72, German botanist. He is noted for his research on the nature of protoplasm and chlorophyll and on the physiology of higher plant forms. Mohl was professor of botany at the Univ. of Tübingen from 1835. He was an expert on microscopy and laid the foundation for later work...

• Mutis, José Celestino 1732-1808, Spanish naturalist and plant explorer. One of Linnaeus' first disciples in Spain, he went to South America and settled c.1760 in Bogotá. He collected numerous plants, especially in the...

• Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm von 1817-91, Swiss botanist. He was professor at the Univ. of Munich from 1858 and was noted especially for his work on plant cytology and development. He made studies of the process of division in...

• Naegeli, Karl Wilhelm von see Nägeli.

• Pfeffer, Wilhelm 1845-1920, German plant physiologist. He was professor of botany successively at the universities of Bonn, Basel, Tübingen, and Leipzig (from 1887). With Julius von Sachs, he was a leader in...

• Pringsheim, Nathanael 1823-94, German botanist, one of the founders of the scientific study of algae. He made important discoveries in the morphology and physiology of plants, especially in the fields of reproduction...

• Sachs, Julius von 1832-97, German botanist. A professor at the Univ. of Würzburg from 1868, he was a founder of experimental plant physiology. He demonstrated the importance of transpiration in plants and the role...

• Schimper, Karl Friedric 1803-67, German botanist. He did important work in plant morphology and originated the theory, called phyllotaxis, that there is a fixed order to the arrangement of leaves on plant stems. His...

• Schleiden, Matthias Jakob 1804-81, German botanist. He was professor at the universities of Jena (1839-63) and Dorpat (1863-64). With Theodor Schwann, he is credited with establishing the foundations of the cell theory...

• Sprengel, Christian Konrad 1750-1816, German botanist. Although director of a school at Spandau and tutor in Berlin, he devoted himself chiefly to the study of flowering plants. He pointed out (1793) the role of insects and...

• Torrey, John 1796-1873, American botanist and chemist, b. New York City, M.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1818. He was professor of chemistry (1827-55) at his alma mater and professor of chemistry and...

• Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich 1887-1943?, Russian botanist and geneticist. He is reported to have died in a Soviet concentration camp after losing political favor to Trofim Lysenko , whose theories he opposed. He served earlier as professor at the Leningrad Agricultural Institute and as director of the All-Union Institute of Plant Industry. In 1918 he discovered in...

• Warming, Johannes Eugenius Bülow 1841-1924, Danish botanist, a founder of the science of plant ecology. He was a professor at the Univ. of Copenhagen (1885-1911) and wrote a pioneer work in his field, Plantesamfund (1895), which,...