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Documents for "Agriculture: Animals":

• Aberdeen Angus cattle see Angus cattle.

• American Landrace swine relatively new breed of swine developed from Danish Landrace hogs imported in 1934 by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. They are totally white. Noted for their smoothness, length of body, and lean...

• American saddlebred horse breed of light horse with great beauty, easy gait, and stamina; also known as the American saddle horse and the Kentucky saddler. It was developed primarily from the Thoroughbred and the Naragansett pacer. It is noted for its tremendous showy action in all gaits, its well-formed, swanlike neck with aristocratic arch, and its uplifted tail. It is most popular as a show horse...

• Angus cattle ăng´ges , breed of black polled (hornless) beef cattle, originated in Scotland and introduced in 1873 to the United States, where they have become well established. Often called Black Angus or Aberdeen...

• Appaloosa horse breed of light horse developed in the United States by the Nez Percé of Idaho from a horse that originated in Asia and was popular in Europe during the Middle Ages. Lewis and Clark found the breed in the possession of...

• Arabian horse breed of light horse developed in Mesopotamia and N Africa, and probably the first true domesticated breed. Prized since earliest times for its superior beauty, spirit, speed, grace of movement, stamina, and...

• aurochs see cattle.

• Ayrshire cattle breed of dairy cattle originated in Scotland in the late 18th cent.; introduced into the United States in 1837. They are medium-sized and white mixed with red or brown in color. Ayrshires are...

• Bantam fowl see poultry.

• Beefmaster cattle see Brahman cattle.

• Belgian horse one of the largest breeds of draft horses of pure European descent. It has a long history, antedating the Christian era, but became especially popular during the Middle Ages. In the 15th and 16th cent. the breed was exported from Belgium...

• Beltsville swine two breeds of swine developed at the agricultural research center of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Beltsville, Md. The breeds are designated Beltsville No. 1 and Beltsville No. 2...

• Berkshire swine one of the oldest of the improved breeds of swine, originating in the county of Berkshire in S central England. The breed was imported to the United States in large numbers between 1830 and 1850...

• Black Angus cattle see Angus cattle.

• Brahman cattle breed of beef cattle developed in the S United States in the early 1900s by combining several breeds or strains of zebu cattle of India. Brahman cattle have a very distinctive appearance with a hump over the shoulders, loose skin under the throat, and large drooping ears; they are generally light to medium gray in...

• Brangus cattle see Brahman cattle.

• Brown Swiss cattle one of the oldest breeds of cattle, originating in Switzerland where the cows were used as triple-purpose animals (dairy, beef, and draft). They are large, fleshy, and slow-maturing, with body...

• bull see cattle.

• cattle name for the ruminant mammals of the genus Bos, and particularly those of the domesticated species, Bos taurus and B. indica. The term oxen, broadly used, refers also to closely related animals, such as the buffalo and the bison. Narrowly used, ox refers to a mature castrated male used for draft purposes. In referring to domestic cattle a grown male is a bull, a grown female a cow, an infant a calf, and an animal between...

• Charbray cattle see Brahman cattle.

• Charolais cattle breed of beef animal with a rugged, muscular appearance and solid creamy to wheat-colored coat. Originated in France, it was first imported to the United States in 1936 by way of Mexico.

• chicken see poultry.

• Clydesdale horse breed of draft horse developed in Scotland. It closely resembles the Shire horse , although it is not as heavy. The Clydesdale is characterized by its graceful, springy step. Initially imported by the United States from Canada, the breed became widely popular owing to its good...

• Columbia sheep medium-wool breed developed in the United States using Lincoln and Rambouillet sheep crosses. The breed was developed primarily for the Western ranges but is also used successfully in farm flocks...

• Cornish hen or Cornish chicken, breed of poultry that originated in Cornwall, England, but gained prominence only after it was established in the United States. Its body shape is quite different from that of other chickens. Both males and females...

• Cotswold sheep large, white-faced, hornless breed with a broad, flat back, moderately deep body, heavy fleece, and long, coarse wool hanging in ringlets. It was originated in the Cotswold Hills in England. The...

• cow see cattle ; dairying.

• Devon cattle breed of cattle originated in England and brought to America by colonists as early as 1623. They range in color from deep red to pale chestnut, the most popular being "ruby red." The breed was used for centuries in England for draft animals. In the United States they were raised extensively as a dual-purpose breed, i.e., for both dairy and beef production, but are no longer...

• Dorset sheep medium-sized breed developed in England; the only major breed in which both rams and ewes are horned. It has been introduced into many areas of the United States, although it has failed to gain...

• draft horse or work horse, any breed of horse that is suited to or used for drawing heavy loads. Draft horses originated in central Europe, where their domestication preceded the Roman invasion. Popular breeds...

• Durham cattle see Shorthorn cattle.

• Duroc swine breed originating during the 1800s in the NE United States from crosses among a number of red strains existing in that region. One of the most numerous breeds, they are large, rugged, solid-red...

• English running horse see Thoroughbred horse.

• fowl see poultry.

• Guernsey cattle breed of dairy cattle developed on the islands of Alderney, Guernsey, and Sark near the north coast of France. First imported to the United States in about 1830, they are fawn-colored with white...

• Hampshire sheep large sheep bred originally in Hampshire, England, by crossing Southdowns, Cotswolds, and other breeds. Hampshires are large in size and hornless, have black faces and legs, and are characterized...

• Hampshire swine breed of swine that originated in S England and was introduced to the United States in the early 1800s. Major improvement of the breed took place in the state of Kentucky. Hampshire swine are black...

• Hereford cattle breed of beef cattle originated in Herefordshire, England, and thought to be descended from the primitive cattle of the country. They are medium-to-large, deep-bodied, thick-fleshed animals with...

• hog see swine.

• Holstein-Friesian cattle breed of dairy cattle originated in N Holland and Friesland. Commonly called Holsteins in the United States, these large cattle with sharply defined black and white spotted markings are believed...

• Jersey cattle breed of dairy cattle native to the island of Jersey in the English Channel. Jerseys, smallest of the dairy breeds, are usually a shade of fawn or cream, although darker shades are common. The...

• Karakul sheep breed native to central Asia. The newborn lambs usually have tightly curled black fur and are skinned before they are three days old to provide the commercial lambskin for which the sheep are...

• Kentucky saddler see American saddlebred horse.

• Leghorn chicken relatively small, white-colored breed of poultry that currently dominates the American egg-producing class. The bird, as bred today, produces a good number of chalk white eggs, a feature which has brought it to the forefront of modern commercial...

• Leicester sheep breed of sheep originated from native stock as mutton producers in Leicestershire, England, by the English livestock breeder Robert Bakewell (c.1755). English Leicesters have white faces and legs,...

• light horse any breed of horse that is used primarily for riding or for light work such as pulling buggies. Light horses have their origin in the Middle East and N Africa. All modern breeds of light horse trace their origins to...

• Lincoln sheep very large-bodied, white-faced, hornless breed having coarse wool, developed in England. It has made considerable contributions to the American sheep industry in the parentage of other breeds and...

• Merino sheep breed intermediate in body size having fine wool, developed in Spain. These sheep are noted for their hardiness and their herding instincts and have been used as parents of several other breeds,...

• Milking Shorthorn cattle see Shorthorn cattle.

• Morgan horse breed of American light horse descended from a single progenitor—the famous Justin Morgan. Morgans are used as all-purpose light horses and are very popular on cattle ranches. Their average height is just under 15 hands (60 in./150 cm), and their average weight is about 1,000 lb (450...

• New Hampshire chicken dual-purpose breed of poultry that is no longer grown commercially. It is retained for its genetic input into modern breeding programs.

• ox see cattle.

• Oxford sheep relatively large-bodied, hornless breed developed in England using crosses between Hampshire and Cotswold sheep. The breed was selected for size and productivity. It has not had widespread...

• paint horse see pinto horse.

• palomino horse American light horse that, contrary to popular opinion, is not a breed but a color type. The palomino is a characteristic golden, creamy tan, with an almost white mane and tail. White stripes on the face and white...

• Percheron horse breed of draft horse developed in NW France, originally of Flemish origin, but also containing some Arabian blood (see Arabian horse ). For a heavy horse, it has considerable stamina and is a good trotter. It was used by armored knights during the Middle Ages and also later for extensive general freight work. Once the most...

• pig see swine.

• pinto horse American light horse , characterized by large, irregular color markings—most commonly black (or dark) and white. Horses of this pattern, known regionally as "paints" [Span. pinto =painted] were favored by the buffalo hunters of the American Great Plains. Although the pinto coloring may occur in various horses, a pinto breed has been developed and was recognized in the United...

• Plymouth Rock chicken one of the most popular early breeds of poultry. The Barred Plymouth Rock was a favorite farm chicken since it was both a good egg producer and also developed a large quantity of meat. As the...

• Poland China swine oldest breed of swine to have originated in the United States and one of the most popular. A number of strains have contributed to the development of this breed, notably the Irish Grazier and the...

• Polled Shorthorn cattle see Shorthorn cattle.

• poultry domesticated fowl kept primarily for meat and eggs; including birds of the order Galliformes, e.g., the chicken, turkey , guinea fowl , pheasant , quail , and peacock ; and natatorial (swimming) birds, e.g., the duck and goose. Several poultry birds, including the chicken and the goose, were domesticated over 3,000 years ago. The chief poultry bird is the chicken, which probably originated as a jungle fowl in SW Asia...

• quarter horse American breed of light horse that originated during the colonial era, partly from Arabian ancestry (see Arabian horse ). The name refers to the horse's reputation for speed at the quarter-mile distance. It can spring into full speed and consequently is faster than the Thoroughbred for a short sprint. The breed was by far the most popular cattle horse in the early West. It continues in this role today and is also used almost exclusively for rodeo events such as cutting,...

• Rambouillet sheep fine-wool breed developed in France from the Spanish Merino sheep. It has become very popular in the United States and is the foundation of most of the Western range flocks. Intermediate to large in size, Rambouillets are the largest and strongest of the...

• Red Angus cattle see Angus cattle.

• Red Poll cattle breed of polled (hornless) cattle, originated in England c.1846. They are a medium-sized, hardy breed of cattle, light red to very dark red in color, and are raised for both milk and beef. Well...

• Red Rock chicken the only chicken still popular to any large extent in the United States today for both meat and eggs. It resulted from a cross between a Rhode Island Red male and a Plymouth Rock female. The breed recently acquired new value when it was discovered that the sex of the day-old chicks could be determined by the differences in the color of their down. The variety is raised...

• Rhode Island Red chicken American breed of poultry , no longer raised commercially, but still maintained for use in breeding programs. See Red Rock chicken.

• Santa Gertrudis cattle breed of beef cattle derived from crosses between Shorthorn cows (see Shorthorn cattle ) and Brahman bulls (see Brahman cattle ); the breed was developed by Robert J. Kleberg, Jr., of the King Ranch...

• sheep common name for many species of wild and domesticated ruminant mammals of the genus Ovis of the Bovidae, or cattle, family. The male is called a ram (if castrated it is a wether), the female is called a ewe, and their offspring is a lamb. Wild sheep, found in mountainous parts of Asia,...

• Shetland pony smallest breed of horse , originating in the Shetland Islands some 200 mi (322 km) N of Scotland. The Shetland resembles a miniature draft horse and has long been used for working purposes. The most popular of the ponies, it has a gentle disposition and is therefore a favorite mount for children. Its official size is less than 46 in. (117...

• Shire horse a breed of draft horse native to central England. It is equal in weight to the Belgian horse and is usually slightly taller. Widely used as a war horse during the Middle Ages, it was well adapted to carry the excessive weight of armor worn by both horse and rider. The Shire was introduced...

• Shorthorn cattle breed of beef cattle developed from the native cattle of the Tees valley in NE England; formerly called Durham cattle. Systematic breeding of Shorthorns began in the latter part of the 18th cent...

• Shropshire sheep mutton breed developed from the native sheep of Shropshire and Staffordshire, England. As early as 1340 there was a grade of wool known as Shropshire, but the breed was not officially recognized...

• Southdown sheep mutton breed of sheep originated on the South Downs of Sussex, England, and now raised throughout the world. It is a small sheep, the most thickset of all breeds, and it is valued for the meatiness...

• Spotted swine breed that is predominantly black with many white spots. Except for its additional white coloring, it is much like the Poland China swine , which together with Gloucester Old Spot hogs forms the foundation...

• Standardbred horse or trotter, American breed of light horse developed especially for harness, or sulky, racing. Of Thoroughbred ancestry, it is similar in appearance to a thoroughbred but has shorter legs. The breed is characterized by great stamina and its ability to trot or pace at extreme speeds without breaking into a...

• Suffolk sheep relatively large breed, developed in England, well-known for its high quality meat. Considered to be a recent introduction to the United States, the breed has many desirable qualities and is...

• swine name for any of the cloven-hoofed mammals of the family Suidae, native to the Old World. A swine has a rather long, mobile snout, a heavy, relatively short-legged body, a thick, bristly hide, and a...

• Thoroughbred horse breed of light horse more properly known as the English running horse. As its name implies, it was the first pedigreed, or "thoroughbred" horse. It originated in England from crosses between imported Turkish and Arabian horses and existing English lines and has since been exported around the world. As the fastest of all horses—it can achieve a speed of just under 40 mi (64 km) per hr for a distance of a mile (1.6 km)—the...

• trotter see Standardbred horse.

• Welsh pony breed of small horse of European origin. First bred primarily in Saxony, it later became localized in Wales. Although the breed is of ancient type, it presently bears traces of the Arabian horse...