Documents for "Canadian Political Geography":

• Île Jésus Que., Canada: see Laval.

• Îsle-aux-Coudres island, c.6 mi (9.7 km) long and 2.5 mi (4 km) wide, in the St. Lawrence River, SE Que., Canada. It was named by Jacques Cartier in 1535 for the hazelnuts growing there. The first Roman Catholic...

• Abraham, Plains of fairly level field adjoining the upper part of the city of Quebec, Canada. There, in 1759, the English under Gen. James Wolfe defeated the French under Gen. Louis Montcalm. The battle decided the...

• Acadia Fr. Acadie, region and former French colony, E Canada, encompassing modern Nova Scotia but also New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and coastal areas of E Maine. After an abortive 1604 settlement of St. Croix (Dochet) Island, in the Saint Croix River, the chief town, Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal , N.S.), was founded by the sieur de Monts in 1605. Acadia was soon involved in the imperial struggle that would end in America with the French and Indian Wars. Destroyed by English colonists under Samuel Argall in 1613, Port Royal was rebuilt, and the colony prospered with farmers on dike-protected fields, fishermen on the shore, and fur traders in the forests. Later, attacks on Port Royal were resumed,...

• Aklavik settlement (1991 pop. 801), Northwest Territories, Canada, on the west channel of the Mackenzie River. The unsuitability of the land at the site led to the construction of Inuvik.

• Albany, Fort see Fort Albany , Canada.

• Alberta province (2001 pop. 2,974,807), 255,285 sq mi (661,188 sq km), including 6,485 sq mi (16,796 sq km) of water surface, W Canada.

• Alert settlement, on Ellesmere Island, extreme N Nunavut Territory, Canada, on the Arctic Ocean. It is the most northerly permanent settlement in the world. The settlement has a radio and meteorological...

• Alma city (1991 pop. 25,910), S central Que., Canada, on the Saguenay River. In 1954 its name was shortened from St. Joseph d'Alma. There are granite quarries in the region, and the town has pulp and...

• Amherst town (1991 pop. 9,742), N central N.S., Canada. Amherst has a variety of light industries and is a service center for the surrounding agricultural region. Nearby are salt beds. Across the border in...

• Amherstburg industrial town (1991 pop. 8,921), S Ont., Canada, on the Detroit River. Fort Malden, built (1797-99) to replace a post lost when Detroit was ceded to the United States, is now within a national...

• Annapolis Royal town (1991 pop. 633), W N.S., Canada, on the Annapolis River. Founded as Port Royal by the sieur de Monts in 1605, the settlement was destroyed (1613) by English colonists under Samuel Argall but was rebuilt by the French. The fort changed hands between the French and the English five times from 1605 to 1710, when it capitulated to a force of New Englanders under Francis Nicholson. The...

• Anticosti low, flat island (1991 pop. 264), 135 mi (217 km) long and 10 to 30 mi (16-48 km) wide, E Que., Canada, at the head of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The island was discovered by Cartier in 1534. Louis...

• Antigonish town (1991 pop. 4,924), N central N.S., Canada, on an inlet of St. Georges Bay. The town was founded in 1784 by disbanded British soldiers and later settled by Highland Scots. It is known for the...

• Argentia see Placentia Bay.

• Arvida see Jonquière , Que., Canada.

• Asbestos town (1991 pop. 6,487), SE Que., Canada. Asbestos is mined in the area and asbestos products are made in the town. Other manufactures include wood products and electrical equipment.

• Atlantic Provinces term used since 1949 to designate the Canadian provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador , Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island.

• Bagotville see La Baie , Que., Canada.

• Baie Comeau town (1991 pop. 26,012), E Que., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River near the mouth of the Manicouagan River. A deepwater sea port, it has hydroelectric plants on the Outardes and Manicouagan rivers...

• Bancroft village (1991 pop. 2,383), SE Ont., Canada, on the York River. Its industries include milling, quarrying, dairying, lumbering, and tourism. The Bancroft Gemboree is an annual gathering of rock...

• Banff town (1991 pop. 5,688), SW Alta., Canada, in the Rocky Mts., on the Bow River and the Trans-Canada Highway. A tourist center and winter resort established in the 1880s by the Canadian Pacific...

• Barrie city (1991 pop. 62,728), S Ont., Canada, on the west shore of Lake Simcoe. It is a commuter city in the Toronto metropolitan region. Among the city's diverse manufactures are clothing, spirits,...

• Bathurst city (1991 pop. 14,409), N N.B., Canada, on Chaleur Bay at the mouth of the Nepisiguit River. A popular beach resort, it also has 40% of Canada's reserves of lead, zinc, and silver. Its other...

• Bathurst Island 7,609 sq mi (19,707 sq km), in the Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut Territory, N Canada. It is the present site of the North Magnetic Pole.

• Batoche historic site, central Sask., Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River. During Riel's Rebellion, Louis Riel made his headquarters there, and the rebels were routed on May 12, 1885.

• Battleford town (1991 pop. 4,107), N central Sask., Canada, at the confluence of the Battle and North Saskatchewan rivers. Battleford is one of the oldest towns in the central part of the province. It served...

• Beauharnois city (1991 pop. 6,449), S Que., Canada, on Lake St. Louis, a broadening of the St. Lawrence River. Steel, aluminum, metal alloys, paper, chemicals, and furniture are produced in the city...

• Beauport city (1991 pop. 69,158), S Que., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River. It is a suburb of Quebec city. Settled in 1634, it is one of the oldest communities in Canada.

• Beauséjour, Fort see Fort Beauséjour , N.B., Canada.

• Bell Island island, SE N.L., Canada, in Conception Bay, off the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. The island is 6 mi (9.7 km) long and 3 mi (4.8 km) wide. Its famous undersea iron mines were closed in 1966 after...

• Belleville city (1991 pop. 37,243), SE Ont., Canada, on Lake Ontario. Machinery, automotive accessories, optical lenses, and cheddar cheese are made there. Belleville is the seat of Albert College and the...

• Blind River town (1991 pop. 3,355), S Ont., Canada, on North Channel of Lake Huron. It is the center of the Algoma uranium fields. Just to the east of the town is Ontario's first uranium mine (1955).

• Brampton city (1991 pop. 234,445), S Ont., Canada, NW of Toronto. Incorporated as a village (1852), a town (1873), and then a city (1976), it is noted for its greenhouses and flowers. Automobiles, shoes,...

• Brandon city (1991 pop. 38,567), SW Man., Canada, on the Assiniboine River. The business center of the wheat-raising area of SW Manitoba, Brandon has an extensive trade in farm products and machinery. It...

• Brantford city (1991 pop. 81,997), S Ont., Canada, on the Grand River. It is a leading manufacturing city, noted particularly for its large farm implement factories. The city was named for the Mohawk...

• Bras d'Or Lake arm of the Atlantic Ocean, c.360 sq mi (930 sq km), indenting deeply into Cape Breton Island, N.S., SE Canada, and occupying much of the interior. A narrow channel links it with the sea. The...

• British Columbia province (2001 pop. 3,907,738), 366,255 sq mi (948,600 sq km), including 6,976 sq mi (18,068 sq km) of water surface, W Canada.

• Brockville city (1991 pop. 21,582), SE Ont., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River. It is in a rich dairy region. The city's manufactures include telecommunications equipment, power tools, pharmaceuticals, and...

• Buchans town (1991 pop. 1,164), central Newfoundland, N.L., Canada, on Red Indian Lake. It has a large mine that yields lead, silver, zinc, and copper.

• Burlington town (1991 pop. 129,575), SE Ont., Canada, on Lake Ontario. First settled (1798) by Mohawk Loyalist Joseph Brandt , Burlington's economy was built on the shipment of wheat, lumber, and quarried rock by waterway. A suburb of Hamilton and a beach resort, it produces metal tubing, brushes, chemicals, and other...

• Burnaby city (1991 pop. 158,858), eastern suburb of Vancouver, SW B.C., Canada. A transportation, industrial, and distribution center, its products include steel, trucks, telecommunications and electronic...

• Bytown see Ottawa , Canada.

• Calgary city (1991 pop. 710,677), S Alta., Canada, at the confluence of the Bow and Elbow rivers. The largest city in Alberta and the fastest-growing major city in Canada, Calgary is a transportation and...

• Cambridge city (1991 pop. 92,772), S Ont., Canada, on the Grand River, NW of Hamilton. It was formed in 1973 with the amalgamation of Galt, Hespeler, and Preston, all founded in the early 19th cent., and...

• Cambridge Bay hamlet (1991 pop. 1,116), Canadian government post and weather station, on the southeast shore of Victoria Island, Nunavut Territory.

• Camp Borden large military training establishment, S Ont., Canada, NW of Toronto. It covers an area of 20,000 acres (8,094 hectares) and also includes an armored-vehicle range at Meaford, to the northwest.

• Camp Gagetown military camp, S central N.B., Canada. It was established in 1952 and is the largest (436 sq mi/1,129 sq km) military camp in Canada.

• Campbellton city (1991 pop. 8,699), N N.B., Canada, on the Restigouche River near the head of Chaleur Bay. The city has large sawmills and is a shipping port for pulpwood. It is a starting point for canoe,...

• Camrose city (1991 pop. 13,420), central Alta., Canada. It is in a mixed farming area and is a railroad center. Camrose Lutheran College is there.

• Canada independent nation (2001 pop. 30,007,094), 3,851,787 sq mi (9,976,128 sq km), N North America. Canada occupies all of North America N of the United States (and E of Alaska) except for Greenland...

• Canso town (1991 pop. 1,228), S central N.S., Canada, on the Atlantic Ocean, near Cape Canso, the easternmost point of Nova Scotia peninsula proper. The harbor was much used by fishing fleets in...

• Cap de la Madeleine city (1991 pop. 33,716), S Que., Canada, at the confluence of the St. Maurice and St. Lawrence rivers. Newsprint and paper products, plywood, aluminum products, and clothing are manufactured...

• Cape Breton Island island (1991 pop. 161,686), 3,970 sq mi (10,282 sq km), forming the northeastern part of N.S., Canada, and separated from the mainland by the narrow Gut, or Strait, of Canso. The easternmost point...

• Cape Sable Island 7 mi (11.2 km) long and 3 mi (4.8 km) wide, SW N.S., Canada. It is connected to the mainland by a causeway over Barrington Passage. Clark's Harbour (1991 pop. 1,076), a fishing port, is on the west...

• Cardston town (1991 pop. 3,480), SW Alta., Canada, near the U.S. boundary. It was founded in 1887 by Mormons from Utah under the leadership of Charles Ora Card, son-in-law of Brigham Young. The chief Mormon...

• Caughnawaga community and Native American reserve, S Que., Canada, on the Saint Lawrence River opposite Lachine. It was founded (1676) as a refuge for Iroquois converts to the Christian faith.

• Chambly city (1991 pop. 15,893), S Que., Canada, on the Richelieu River, E of Montreal. Chambly Fort was built in 1665 and was a strategic point in the defense of New France against the British and the Iroquois. The British captured it in 1760. It was seized by the invading Americans in 1775 and...

• Charlesbourg city (1991 pop. 70,788), S Que., Canada. It is a northern suburb of Quebec city. One of the oldest parishes in the province, it includes part of the seigniory first granted to the Jesuits in 1626...

• Charlottetown city (1991 pop. 15,396), capital and chief port of Prince Edward Island, E Canada, on the southern coast. Food processing, tourism, fishing, and farming are the main industries. The French...

• Chatham city (1991 pop. 43,557), S Ont., Canada, E of Detroit, Mich., on the Thames River. It is an industrial center in a rich mixed farming and fruit-raising region. It was a northern terminus for the Underground...

• Chesterfield Inlet hamlet (1991 pop. 316), Canadian government post in the Nunavut Territory, at the mouth of Chesterfield Inlet of Hudson Bay.

• Chicoutimi city (1991 pop. 62,670), S Que., Canada, at the confluence of the Chicoutimi and Saguenay rivers. The city is the cultural and economic center of the Saguenay area. It has aluminum plants, pulp,...

• Chilliwack district municipality (1991 pop. 49,531), SW British Columbia, Canada, on the Fraser River. It is an agricultural, dairying, and logging center. The main industry is food processing.

• Chippawa village, S Ont., Canada, just above Niagara Falls. It was first settled in 1794 and was the scene of an American victory (1814) in the War of 1812.

• Churchill 1 River, c.600 mi (970 km) long, issuing as the Ashuanipi River from Ashuanipi Lake, SW Labrador, N.L., Canada, and flowing in an arc north, then southeast through a series of lakes to Churchill...

• Cobalt town (1991 pop. 1,470), E Ont., Canada, NE of Sudbury, near Lake Timiskaming. Once a center for cobalt and silver mining, the area is now economically depressed. The town has a mining museum and...

• Collingwood town (1991 pop. 13,505), S Ont., Canada at the south end of Georgian Bay, an arm of Lake Huron. Collingwood is a shipbuilding center and has one of the largest dry docks on the Great Lakes. It is...

• Corner Brook city (1991 pop. 22,410), W Newfoundland, N.L., Canada, on the Humber River. It is Newfoundland's second largest city and has a large pulp and paper mill. Other industries include lumbering, salmon...

• Cornwall industrial city (1991 pop. 47,137), SE Ont., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River. It manufactures cotton and rayon textiles, paper, chemicals, furniture, and electronic equipment. The Canadian...

• Cowansville town (1991 pop. 11,982), S Que., Canada, on the Yamaska River, SE of Montreal. It is a manufacturing town producing textiles, furniture, pottery, and plastics.

• Cranbrook city (1991 pop. 16,447), SE British Columbia, Canada. It is a lumbering, tourism, and lead-zinc mining center.

• Dartmouth city (1991 pop. 67,798), S N.S., Canada, on Halifax harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. The city has large sugar and oil refineries, and it produces ships, iron, and aircraft parts. Dartmouth...

• Dauphin town (1991 pop. 8,453), SW Man., Canada, on the Vermilion River. It is the retail and distribution center for an agricultural, lumbering, and fishing area.

• Dawson or Dawson City, city (1991 pop. 972), W Yukon Territory, Canada, at the confluence of the Yukon and Klondike rivers. It is the trade center of the Klondike mining region and a tourist center. During the gold rush...

• Dawson Creek city (1991 pop. 10,981), E British Columbia, Canada, near the Alta. border, on Dawson Creek and NE of Prince George. An important grain-shipping center, it is the southern terminus of the Alaska...

• Dorval city (1991 pop. 17,249), S Que., Canada, on the south shore of Montreal island and on the St. Lawrence River. The site of Montreal's older airport, it also builds jet aircraft.

• Drumheller city (1991 pop. 6,277), SE Alta., Canada, on the Red Deer River. Once a coal mining town, it is now an agricultural area. It is the site of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Paleontology, which houses...

• Drummondville city (1991 pop. 35,462), S Que., Canada, on the St. Francis River, NE of Montreal. Its manufactures include textiles, paper and wood products, and rubber goods.

• Duck Lake small lake, central Sask., Canada, SW of Prince Albert. It was the scene of the first encounter in Riel's Rebellion (see under Riel, Louis ) in 1885. A large group of métis (persons of mixed...

• Dundas town (1991 pop. 21,868), S Ont., Canada. It is a suburb of Hamilton and is at the head of the Desjardins Canal, which formerly gave it water connection with Hamilton and other ports. The canal is...

• Eastview see Vanier , town, Canada.

• Edmonton city (1991 pop. 616,741), provincial capital, central Alta., Canada, on the North Saskatchewan River. The center of the largest metropolitan area in Alberta, Edmonton, known as the "Gateway to the North," is located in the center of the province between the fertile valleys of the south and the rich resources of the north. It is a major market center for farm and petrochemical products, and has an...

• Edmundston city (1991 pop. 10,835), NW N.B., Canada, at the confluence of the St. John and Madawaska rivers, at the U.S. border. It has a large pulp mill and is a railroad center and hunting and fishing...

• Elliot Lake city (1991 pop. 14,089), S central Ont., Canada, W of Sudbury. The focus of a 1950s uranium-mining boom, it is now a retirement home center.

• Esquimalt regional district (1991 pop. 16,129), on Vancouver Island, SW British Columbia, Canada, just SW of Victoria. It has the chief naval station and naval dockyard of W Canada. The station was...

• Estevan city (1991 pop. 10,240), S Sask., Canada, on the Souris River near the N.Dak. border. Lignite is mined there, and clay and plastic products are manufactured. Oil, discovered in the 1950s, is also...

• Flin Flon city (1991 pop. in Manitoba, 7,119; in Saskatchewan, 330), on the Man.-Sask. border, Canada. It is a mining and smelting center in a region producing copper, zinc, silver, gold, and cadmium; it...

• Forest Hill part of metropolitan Toronto , S. Ont., Canada.

• Fort Albany Canadian fur-trading post, N Ont., at the mouth of the Albany River on James Bay. It was founded (before 1682) by the Hudson's Bay Company as one of its earliest forts. In the Anglo-French struggle...

• Fort Beauséjour N.B., Canada, near Amherst, N.S. Built by the French between 1751 and 1755 to command Chignecto isthmus between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, it was captured (1755) by British and American troops...

• Fort Chipewyan trading post, NE Alta., Canada, at the west end of Lake Athabasca. The old Fort Chipewyan, on the south shore, was built for the North West Company at the urging of Alexander Mackenzie in 1788. It...

• Fort Erie town (1990 pop. 23,253), S Ont., Canada, on the Niagara River, opposite Buffalo, N.Y. A number of branch factories of U.S. firms are in the town, which is connected to the United States by bridge...

• Fort Frances town (1991 pop. 8,891), SW Ont., Canada, on Rainy River, opposite International Falls, Minn. It is chiefly a lumbering center with sawmills and a pulp and paper factory. Tourism is also an...

• Fort Garry two trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company, built on the present-day site of Winnipeg, Man., Canada, at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers. The first, Upper Fort Garry, was built...

• Fort Lennox see Île-aux-Noix.

• Fort McMurray town (1991 pop. 34,706), NE Alta., Canada, on the Athabasca and Clearwater rivers. Since the beginning of the mining of Alberta's oil sands in 1964, the town's population has grown from 1,200. It...

• Fort Saint John town (1991 pop. 14,156), NE British Columbia, Canada, on the Peace River and the Alaska Highway. A North West Company post established in 1805 is still operated by the Hudson's Bay Company. The...

• Fort William see Thunder Bay , Ont., Canada.

• Fredericton city (1991 pop. 46,466), provincial capital, S central N.B., Canada, on the St. John River. It is a commercial, administrative, and academic center with some light manufactures. The city was...

• Galt see Cambridge , Ont., Canada.

• Gananoque town (1991 pop. 5,209), SE Ont., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River. It has steel- and copperworks. A summer resort, it is a starting point for excursions to the Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes.

• Gander town (1991 pop. 10,339), NE Newfoundland, N.L., Canada. Gander's airport, an important base in World War II, is a hub for international flights; it also attracts many refugees. It was the site of a...

• Garry, Fort see Fort Garry , Canada.

• Gaspé city (1991 pop. 16,402), E Que., Canada, on Gaspé Bay near the eastern extremity of the Gaspé Peninsula. It is a resort. Cartier landed there in 1534.

• Gaspé Peninsula or Gaspésie , tongue of land, E Que., Canada, between the estuary of the St. Lawrence River on the north and Chaleur Bay on the south, and extending eastward into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is c.150 mi (240...

• Gatineau city (1991 pop. 92,284), SW Que, Canada, at the junction of the Gatineau and Ottawa rivers, adjoining Hull. The fifth largest city in Quebec, it was created through the merger of 7 municipalities...

• George, Fort see Prince George , British Columbia, Canada.

• Glace Bay town (1991 pop. 19,501), E Cape Breton Island, N.S., Canada. Exploitation of its coal mines began toward the end of the 19th cent., but declined in the 1960s; the last mine in the region closed in...

• Granby city (1991 pop. 42,804), S Que., Canada, on the North Yamaska River, E of Montreal. Located in a farming area, Granby has textile mills and plants that manufacture furniture, tobacco and rubber...

• Grand Falls 1 City (1991 pop. 6,083), W N.B., Canada, on the St. John River. The nearby falls in the river and its 1-mi- (1.6-km) long gorge attract many visitors. The falls power a large hydroelectric...

• Grand Falls Labrador, N.L., Canada: see Churchill Falls.

• Grand Manan island c.16 mi (26 km) long and c.7 mi (11.3 km) wide, S N.B. Canada, in the Bay of Fundy. On the north and west sides are bold cliffs, rising from 200 ft to 400 ft (61-122 m) high, visible from...

• Grand Pré [Fr.,=large field], village, W central N.S., Canada, on an arm of the Bay of Fundy. The area is famous for having been an early settlement of the Acadians, whose expulsion in 1755 is the subject of...

• Grande Prairie city (1991 pop. 28,271), W Alta., Canada, NW of Edmonton. It is the chief business center for the Peace River valley farming area. The discovery of oil and natural gas in the region in the late...

• Grand-Mère city (1991 pop. 14,287), S Que., Canada, on the St. Maurice River, N of Trois Rivières. The Grand-Mère Falls furnish power for paper and pulp mills. The city also has clothing and textile...

• Gravenhurst town (1991 pop. 9,988), S Ont., Canada, N of Toronto. It is the gateway to the Muskoka Lakes area and has some light industry.

• Guelph city (1991 pop. 87,976), S Ont., Canada, on the Speed River. It is an industrial and agricultural center located in one of Canada's most densely populated regions. Manufactures include electrical,...

• Halifax city (1991 pop. 114,455), provincial capital, S central N.S., Canada, on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the largest city in the Maritime Provinces and is one of Canada's principal ice-free Atlantic...

• Hamilton city (1991 pop. 318,499), S Ont., Canada, at the western end of Lake Ontario. It is situated on a narrow plain between its harbor (connected by canal with the lake) and the Niagara escarpment...

• Harbour Grace town (1991 pop. 3,419), SE Newfoundland, N.L., Canada, on Conception Bay. It is a leading fishing port and has fish-processing plants. It was settled c.1550 and is one of the oldest towns in the...

• Hawkesbury town (1991 pop. 9,706), SE Ont., Canada, on the Ottawa River. It has lumber and paper mills and manufactures clothing, glass, and prefabricated homes.

• Hull city (1991 pop. 60,707), SW Que., Canada, at the confluence of the Ottawa and Gatineau rivers, opposite Ottawa; inc. 1875. Hull has a hydroelectric power station. There are paper, pulp, textile,...

• Huntsville town (1991 pop. 14,997), SE Ont., Canada, on the Muskoka River. It has lumber mills and a woodworking plant, but it is sustained mainly by its year-round tourist trade.

• Indian Head town (1991 pop. 1,827), SE Sask., Canada, E of Regina. In a wheat-growing region, it has flour mills and grain elevators. A dominion experimental and forestry farm is in the town.

• Ingersoll town (1991 pop. 9,378), S Ont., Canada, on the Thames River, E of London. It has a large dairy-processing industry. Named for Thomas Ingersoll, father of the Canadian heroine Laura Secord, it was...

• Inuvik town (1991 pop. 3,206), Northwest Territories, Canada, on the east channel of the Mackenzie River. It was built (1954-62) as a new townsite for Aklavik and was the first model town in the Canadian...

• Iqaluit town (1996 pop. 4,220), Nunavut Territory, Canada, at the NE head of Frobisher Bay on S Baffin Island. Capital of Nunavut since the territory's creation in 1999, it is a communications and...

• Jesus Island or Île-Jésus, Que., Canada: see Laval.

• Joliette city (1991 pop. 17,396), S Que., Canada, on L'Assomption River, NE of Montreal. Its industries include steel, paper, textile, and ceramic manufacturing, tobacco processing, and limestone...

• Jonquière city (1991 pop. 57,933), S Que., Canada, on the Saguenay River, W of Chicoutimi. Its chief industries produce paper, pulp, and aluminum. The city was reincorporated in 1976, when it absorbed the...

• Kénogami see Jonquière.

• Kamloops city (1991 pop. 67,057), S British Columbia, Canada, at the junction of the North Thompson and South Thompson rivers. A trading post was first established on the site in 1812. A village grew up at...

• Kapuskasing town (1991 pop. 10,344), central Ont., Canada, on the Kapuskasing River, N of Timmins. It has lumbering and pulp and paper mills, a cold-weather automotive testing center, and a large tourism...

• Kelowna city (1991 pop. 75,950), S British Columbia, Canada, on Okanagan Lake. Kelowna is a tourist resort and serves as a trade center for a fruit-growing and lumbering area. Other industries include...

• Kenora town (1991 pop. 9,782), W Ont., Canada, at the north end of the Lake of the Woods. There are fish-processing plants and lumber, flour, pulp, and paper mills in the town. Kenora contains an airport...

• Kentville town (1991 pop. 5,506), W N.S., Canada, on the Cornwallis River, NW of Halifax. It is a tourist and trade center in the Annapolis valley, a fruit-growing region.

• Kimberley town (1991 pop. 6,531), SE British Columbia, Canada. Canada's highest city (3,660 ft/1,115 m), it is the site of the Sullivan mine, where large quantities of silver, lead, and zinc are mined.

• Kincardine town (1991 pop. 6,585), S Ont., Canada, on Lake Huron, W of Walkerton. It is a resort that depends largely on jobs provided by the Bruce Nuclear Power Development to the north of the city.

• Kingston city (1991 pop. 56,597), S Ont., Canada, on Lake Ontario, near the head of the St. Lawrence River and at the end of Rideau Canal from Ottawa. Kingston has probably the best harbor on the lake...

• Kipawa see Temiscaming , Que., Canada.

• Kirkland Lake mining town, E Ont., Canada. An important gold-mining center, gold was discovered there in 1911 and again in the 1980s at Harker. The mining of iron ore and tourism are two other important...

• Kitchener city (1991 pop. 168,282), Regional Municipality of Waterloo, S Ont., Canada, in the Grand River valley. Settled largely by Mennonites from Pennsylvania in 1806, it was known as Berlin until 1916,...

• Kitimat town (1991 pop. 11,305), W British Columbia, Canada, at the head of Douglas Channel. It is the site of a huge aluminum smelter (opened 1954), pulp and paper mills, and a petrochemical plant...

• Klondike region of Yukon Territory , NW Canada, just E of the Alaska border. It lies around Klondike River, a small stream that enters the Yukon River from the east at Dawson. The discovery in 1896 of rich placer gold deposits in...

• Kuujjuaq village (1991 pop. 1,405), N Que., Canada, on the Koksoak River near its mouth at Ungava Bay. It is a Hudson's Bay Company post, established in 1830.

• Lévis-Lauzon city (1991 pop. 39,452), S Que., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River opposite Quebec. Settled in 1647, it was a base (1759) for Wolfe's siege of Quebec. Lévis-Lauzon is a port with shipbuilding,...

• La Baie city (1991 pop. 20,995), S Que., Canada, on Ha! Ha! Bay, an arm of the Saguenay River. Formed by the amalgamation of Bagotville, Port Alfred, and the parishes of Grande-Baie and Bagotville, La...

• La Malbaie or Murray Bay, village (1991 pop. 3,968), S central Que., Canada, at the confluence of the Malbaie (or Murray) River with the St. Lawrence. It is a well-known resort in dairy-farming country.

• La Tuque town (1991 pop. 10,003), S Que., Canada, on the St. Maurice River, NW of Quebec. La Tuque, in a lumbering and farming region, was established as a trading post in the French period; it grew after...

• Labrador see Labrador-Ungava ; Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada.

• Lachine city (1991 pop. 35,266), S Que., Canada, on Montreal island, at the east end of Lake St. Louis just SW of Montreal. Its industries include iron and steel foundries and the manufacture of tires,...

• Lachute town (1991 pop. 11,730), S Que., Canada, on the North River, W of Montreal. It is at the foot of the Laurentian Mts. Textiles and lumber, wood, and paper products are among its increasingly...

• Lacolle village (1991 pop. 1,392), S Que., Canada, S of Montreal and near the U.S. border. During the War of 1812, an invading American army was defeated in the area by the British on Mar. 30, 1814.

• Lasalle or Ville Lasalle , city (1991 pop. 73,804), S Que., Canada, SW of Montreal on the St. Lawrence River at the head of the Lachine Rapids. It is a suburb of Montreal.

• Lauzon see Lévis-Lauzon , Que., Canada.

• Laval city (1991 pop. 314,398), coextensive with Île-Jésus (94 sq mi/243 sq km), S Que., Canada, between the Rivière des Mille Îles and the Rivière des Prairies, just NW of Montreal. The second largest...

• Leamington town (1991 pop. 14,182), S Ont., Canada, on Lake Erie. In a market-gardening area, it has large canneries. It is the gateway to Point Pelée National Park.

• Leduc town (1991 pop. 13,970), central Alta., Canada, S of Edmonton. It is the center of the Leduc oil field (discovered 1947), which is now mostly depleted. The town is an oil storage and pumping...

• Lennoxville town (1991 pop. 4,046), S Que., Canada, at the confluence of the St. Francis and Massawippi rivers, SE of Sherbrooke. It is chiefly a residential town and is the seat of Bishop's Univ. (1843).

• Lethbridge city (1991 pop. 60,974), S Alta., Canada, on the Oldman River. Formerly a coal-mining center, Lethbridge is now a commercial and service center for an irrigated farming and ranching district. Its...

• Lindsay town (1991 pop. 16,696), SE Ont., Canada, on the Scugog River, NE of Toronto. It is an industrial town, with woolen, flour, and lumber mills, in an agricultural and scenic lake district.

• Little Current town (1991 pop. 1,511), S Ont., Canada, on N Manitoulin island, on North Channel of Lake Huron. A port and a popular yachting resort, it has rail connections with the mainland.

• Lloydminster city (1991 pop. in Alberta, 10,042; in Saskatchewan, 7,241), on the Alta.-Sask. boundary, Canada. The city is chartered by both provinces. Farming and ranching are the chief activities of the...

• London city (1991 pop. 303,165), SE Ont., Canada, on the Thames River. The site was chosen in 1792 by Governor Simcoe to be the capital of Upper Canada, but York was made capital instead. London was...

• Longueuil city (1991 pop. 129,874), S Que., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River opposite Montreal. It is a residential and industrial suburb of Montreal. It annexed Montreal South in 1961, and merged with the...

• Louisburg town (1991 pop. 1,261), E Cape Breton Island, N.S., Canada. The town, an ice-free port, is near the site of the great fortress of Louisbourg, built (1720-40) by France as its Gibraltar in America...

• Lower Canada see Quebec , province, Canada.

• Lunenburg town (1991 pop. 2,781), SW N.S., Canada, on Lunenburg Bay, SW of Halifax. It has a large fishing fleet and a fisheries museum. The district was chiefly settled c.1750 by Germans from Hanover.

• Mackenzie river, c.1,120 mi (1,800 km) long, issuing from Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada, and flowing generally NW to the Arctic Ocean through a great delta. Between Great Slave Lake and...

• Magdalen Islands or Îles-de-la-Madeleine , group of nine main islands and numerous islets (1991 pop. 13,991), Que., Canada, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence N of Prince Edward Island. They were discovered (1534) by Jacques Cartier. The main...

• Magog city (1991 pop. 14,034), S Que., Canada, on Lake Memphremagog, SW of Sherbrooke. Founded by Loyalist emigrants from the United States after 1776, Magog is a resort and trade center, with textile...

• Manitoba province (2001 pop. 1,119,583), 250,934 sq mi (650,930 sq km), including 39,215 sq mi (101,580 sq km) of water surface, W central Canada.

• Manitoulin Islands archipelago consisting of three large islands and several smaller ones, in N Lake Huron, NW of Georgian Bay. The islands, in a noted fishing region, are popular resorts. The permanent population...

• Maritime Provinces or Maritimes, Canada, term applied to Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , and Prince Edward Island , which before the formation of the Canadian confederation (1867) were politically distinct from Canada...

• Matane town (1991 pop. 12,756), SE Que., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River at the mouth of the Matane River at the beginning of the Gaspé Peninsula. Matane is a fishing, lumbering, and pulpwood-shipping...

• McMurray town, NE Alta., Canada, on the Athabasca River. It is an important river port and transshipment point for the Northwest Territories. It is also known as Fort McMurray.

• Medicine Hat city (1991 pop. 43,625), SE Alta., Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River. It is the center of a farming and ranching area. Natural-gas deposits are exploited. There are light industries and...

• Midland town (1991 pop. 13,865), S Ont., Canada, on Georgian Bay, NW of Toronto. Midland is a port and has grain elevators and plants that manufacture textiles, cameras, optical goods, and other products...

• Mississauga city (1991 pop. 463,388), S Ont., Canada, 12 mi (20 km) W of Toronto on Lake Ontario. A residential suburb of Toronto and a growing transportation and industrial center, it is one of Canada's...

• Moncton city (1991 pop. 57,010), SE N.B., Canada, on the Petitcodiac River. Although its rail repair yards were closed in 1988, it is an air and rail transportation center and a road hub for the...

• Mont Laurier town (1991 pop. 7,862), SW Que., Canada, on the Lièvre River, N of Ottawa. Located in the Laurentian Mts., it is a winter resort in a lumbering and potato-growing region and has a...

• Montebello village (1991 pop. 1,022), SW Que., Canada, on the Ottawa River NE of Ottawa. It is a summer resort in a lumbering and farming area. The political leader Louis Joseph Papineau made his home there...

• Montmagny town (1991 pop. 11,861), SE Que., Canada, on the St. Lawrence River. Manufactures include textiles, furniture, and household appliances.

• Montmorency town, S Que., Canada, at the confluence of the St. Lawrence and Montmorency rivers; now part of the municipality of Beauport. It is a suburb of Quebec city and the site of the scenic Montmorency Falls....

• Montreal Fr. Montréal , city (1991 pop. 1,017,666), S Que., Canada, on Montreal island, surrounded by St. Lawrence River and Rivière des Prairies. Montreal is the second largest metropolitan area in Canada, after...

• Moose Factory trading post, NE Ont., Canada, near the mouth of the Moose River on James Bay. A fort was built there by Charles Bayly, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, in the early 1670s. In the struggle...

• Moose Jaw city (1991 pop. 33,593), S central Sask., Canada. It is a railroad and distribution center, with oil refineries, meatpacking and dairy-processing plants, flour, lumber, and woolen mills,...

• Moosonee village, NE Ont., Canada, on the Moose River near James Bay. It is the northern terminus of the Ontario Northland RR and Ontario's only saltwater port. A popular tour