Documents for "Former Yugoslavian Political Geography":

• Šibenik Ital. Sebenico, town (1991 pop. 41,012), S Croatia, on the Adriatic Sea. It is a seaport, naval base, and resort center on the Dalmatian coast. The city has shipbuilding, metalworking, and aluminum industries...

• Štip town (1994 pop. 46,372), central Macedonia. A historic town, it has mineral waters. Štip was an important center of the medieval Serbian and Bulgarian empires. From 1389 to 1913, it belonged to...

• Banja Luka city (1991 pop. 142,644), in NE Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the Vrbas River. It has varied manufactures, including machinery, paper, and electrical equipment. Banja Luka was captured by the Turks...

• Belgrade Serbian Beograd, city (1991 est. pop. 1,168,454), capital of Serbia , and of the former nation of Yugoslavia and its short-lived successor, Serbia and Montenegro, at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers. It is the commercial, industrial, political, and cultural center of Serbia, as well as a...

• Beograd see Belgrade , Serbia.

• Bitola formerly Monastir, city (1994 pop. 86,176), S Macedonia. It is a commercial and industrial center for the surrounding agricultural area. Bitola was a major agricultural center in Roman times. Later settled by Slavs,...

• Bitolj see Bitola , Macedonia.

• Bled town, NW Slovenia. Situated in the Julian Alps and on the small Lake of Bled, it is a popular summer and winter resort town. In the vicinity are a medieval castle, a former royal villa, and a...

• Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbo-Croatian Bosna i Hercegovina, country (2005 est. pop. 4,025,000), 19,741 sq mi (51,129 sq km), on the Balkan peninsula, S Europe. It is bounded by Croatia on the west and north, Serbia on the northeast, and Montenegro on the...

• Brač Ital. Brazza, island (1991 pop. 13,824), 152 sq mi (394 sq km), off the Dalmatian coast in the Adriatic Sea, Croatia. It is a popular summer resort and tourist spot. Supetar (Ital. San Pietro ),...

• Brazza see Brač , Croatia.

• Capodistria see Koper , Slovenia.

• Carniola Croatian Kranj, historic region, in Slovenia. The history of this largely mountainous area is closely linked with that of Slovenia. The first known inhabitants, a Celtic tribe called the Carni,...

• Carso see Karst.

• Celje city (1991 pop. 40,710), in Slovenia. Metallurgy, chemicals, and food processing are the chief industries. Founded (1st cent. AD) by the Roman Emperor Claudius, it was the seat (1341-1456) of the...

• Cetinje town, S Montenegro. It grew around a monastery founded in 1485 and became the residence of Montenegro's ruling prince-bishops; it remained the capital of Montenegro until 1945. The monastery, the...

• Cres Ital. Cherso, island, 158 sq mi (409 sq km), in the Adriatic Sea, W Croatia. Formerly in Austria-Hungary, it passed to Italy in 1918 and to Yugoslavia (of which Croatia was then a constituent republic) in 1947...

• Crna Gora see Montenegro.

• Croatia Croatian Hrvatska, officially Republic of Croatia, republic (2005 est. pop. 4,496,000), 21,824 sq mi (56,524 sq km), in the northwest corner of the Balkan Peninsula. Roughly crescent-shaped, Croatia is bounded by...

• Dalmatia Croatian Dalmacija, historic region of Croatia, extending along the Adriatic Sea, approximately from Rijeka (Fiume) to the Gulf of Kotor. Split is the provincial capital; other cities include Zadar (the historic capital), Šibenik , and Dubrovnik. Except for a coastal lowland, Dalmatia is generally mountainous, rising to the Dinaric Alps. The coast, which is famed for its scenic beauty and its resorts, has many bays and excellent harbors...

• Dubrovnik Ital. Ragusa, city (1991 pop. 49,728), in extreme S Croatia, on a promontory of the Dalmatian coast in the Adriatic Sea. It is a port and tourist and cultural center, with some light industries. Dubrovnik was...

• Fiume see Rijeka , Croatia.

• Hercegovina see Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• Herzegovina see Bosnia and Herzegovina.

• Hvar Gr. Pharos, Ital. Lesina, island (1991 est. pop. 11,400), 112 sq mi (290 sq km), in the Adriatic Sea off the Dalmatian coast, Croatia. Fruit growing, cattle raising, and fishing are the chief occupations. The island is also...

• Istria Croatian Istra, mountainous peninsula c.1,500 sq mi (3,900 sq km), in Slovenia and Croatia, projecting into the N Adriatic between the gulfs of Trieste and Fiume. A section of the northwestern portion, including...

• Jugoslavia see Yugoslavia.

• Koper Ital. Capodistria, town (1991 pop. 24,704), in Slovenia, on the Istrian peninsula in the Gulf of Trieste. It is a fishing port and has salt mines and a radio factory. From 1278 until 1797 the town was the capital of Istria under Venetian rule. The Treaty of Campo Formio, which dissolved the republic of Venice, transferred Koper to Austria. The town passed to Italy after World War I and became part of the Free...

• Korčula Ital. Curzola, island (1991 pop. 17,038), 105 sq mi (272 sq km), in the Adriatic Sea, off Dalmatia, Croatia. It is covered with pine forests, pastures, and vineyards and is a popular tourist resort. Most of the...

• Kosovo or Kosovo-Metohija , Albanian Kosova, Serbo-Croatian Kosovo i Metohija and Kosmet, province (2002 est. pop. 1,900,000), 4,126 sq mi (10,686 sq km), S Serbia. Priština is the chief city. The largely mountainous region includes the fertile valleys of Kosovo and Metohija and is drained by tributaries of the Morava (Velika Morava) and Drin rivers. Agriculture, stock...

• Kossovo see Kosovo.

• Kotor Ital. Cattaro, town (1991 pop. 5,620), SE Montenegro, on the Bay of Kotor, an inlet of the Adriatic. It is a seaport and a tourist center. The town was colonized by Greeks (3d cent. BC) and later belonged to the...

• Kragujevac city (1991 pop. 147,305), S central Serbia. The economic and cultural center of the Sumadija region, Kragujevac's industries include the manufacture of motor vehicles and munitions, vegetable...

• Krk Ital. Veglia, island, 157 sq mi (407 sq km), in the Adriatic, off the Dalmatian coast, NW Croatia. The largest of Croatia's islands in the Adriatic, it has several small seaside resorts. The chief town, Krk, has...

• Kruševac town (1991 pop. 58,808), Serbia. A commercial center, it has a hydroelectric plant and an important chemical industry. The seat of the kings of Serbia until 1389, it has retained the ruins of a...

• Kumanovo town (1994 pop. 94,589), in Macedonia. Located in the center of a tobacco-growing region, its major industries are tobacco processing and canning. The Serbs won a decisive victory over the Turks...

• Laibach see Ljubljana , Slovenia.

• Ljubljana Ger. Laibach, city (1991 pop. 267,008), capital of Slovenia, on the Sava River. An industrial and transportation center, it has industries that manufacture textiles, paper, chemicals, and electronics. It is a...

• Macedonia măs&180;edō´nēe , Macedonian Makedonija, officially Republic of Macedonia, republic (2005 est. pop. 2,045,000), 9,930 sq mi (25,720 sq km), SE Europe. It is bordered by Serbia on the north, Albania on the west, Greece on the south, and...

• Marburg see Maribor , Slovenia.

• Maribor Ger. Marburg, city (1991 pop. 103,961), in Slovenia, on the Drava River. It is a heavy industrial center with chemical, engineering, and electrical industries. Known as early as the 12th cent., it was an...

• Monastir see Bitola , Macedonia.

• Montenegro Serbo-Croatian Crna Gora, officially Republic of Montenegro, republic (1995 est. pop. 708,000), 5,332 sq mi (13,810 sq km), W Balkan Peninsula. It is bordered by Croatia in the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina in the northwest,...

• Mostar city (1991 pop. 75,613), in Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the Neretva River. Its name means "Old Bridge," referring to the 16th-century stone bridge built by Ottoman sultan Sulayman the Magnificent, which, along with numerous Turkish mosques and old houses, was destroyed in the 1993-94 siege of the...

• Neusatz see Novi Sad , Serbia.

• Niš or Nish , city (1991 pop. 175,391), SE Serbia, on the Nišava River. An important railway and industrial center, it has industries that manufacture textiles, electronics, spirits, and locomotives. The Roman...

• Nikšić town (1991 pop. 56,141), central Montenegro. It is the commercial center of an agricultural region. It is also an important industrial city with a steel mill, sawmill, ironworks, and a...

• Novi Pazar town (1991 pop. 51,749), SW Serbia, on the Raška River. It is an agricultural trading center with a well-developed textile industry. Known as Raška or Rashka in the 9th cent., it was the capital...

• Novi Sad Ger. Neusatz, Hung. Újvidék, city (1991 pop. 179,626), N Serbia, on the Danube River. The capital of the Vojvodina region and an industrial center and port, its industries produce processed foods, textiles, electrical...

• Novibazar see Novi Pazar , Serbia.

• Ochrida see Ohrid , Macedonia.

• Ohrid Ochrida, or Okhrida , town (1981 est. pop, 64,200), in Macedonia, on a rock above Lake Ohrid, on the Albanian border. Macedonia's chief resort, it is a tourist and commercial center, as well as a railroad terminus...

• Okhrida see Ohrid , Macedonia.

• Osijek Ger. Esseg, Hung. Eszék, city (1991 pop. 104,761), in Croatia, on the Drava River. The chief city of the historic region of Slavonia , it is a river port and industrial center. Textiles, leather goods, soap, and agricultural machinery are among its industrial products. Osijek grew around a castle built in 1091 on the site of the...

• Pančevo city (1991 pop. 72,793), N Serbia, in the Vojvodina region, on the Tamiš River near its confluence with the Danube. It is a river port for nearby Belgrade and an industrial center. There is a fine old church containing valuable paintings and other...

• Peć Albanian Peja, town (1991 pop. 68,163), S Serbia, in the Kosovo region. A trade center, it has industries that produce leather goods, foodstuffs, and handicrafts. Stephen Dušan in 1346...

• Petrovgrad see Zrenjanin , Serbia.

• Podgorica city (1991 pop. 117,875), capital and largest city of Montenegro, SE Montenegro, at the confluence of the Ribnica and Morača rivers. A commercial center, it has industries producing aluminum,...

• Postojna Ger. Adelsberg, Ital. Postumia, town (1991 pop. 20,283), in Slovenia, on the Karst Plateau. A summer resort, it is famous as the site of Europe's largest stalactite caverns, which are traversed by a subterranean river. Formerly...

• Priština or Prishtina , city (1991 pop. 155,449), S Serbia. It is the chief city and capital of Kosovo and the heart of the Albanian Kosovar separatist movement. Priština, a commercial center with diverse industries, including woodworking, textiles, and food processing, suffered much damage during...

• Prilep city (1994 pop. 71,899), in Macedonia. It is the trade center of an agricultural region and a manufacturing city where tobacco, textiles, wine, and fruit are produced. Prilep was a residence of...

• Prizren city (1991 pop. 92,303), S Serbia, in the Kosovo region. It is a commercial center with industries that produce textiles, wood products, and filigree silver jewelry. Prizren is the seat of a Roman Catholic archbishop and of an Orthodox Eastern...

• Pula Ital. Pola, city (1991 pop. 62,378), W Croatia, on the Adriatic and at the southern tip of the Istrian peninsula. A major seaport and an industrial center, it has shipyards, docks, and varied manufactures...

• Rab Ital. Arbe, island (1991 pop. 9,205), 40 sq mi (104 sq km) off Croatia, in the Adriatic Sea. One of the Dalmatian islands, it is a popular seaside resort. Fishing and agriculture are the main occupations. The...

• Ragusa see Dubrovnik , Croatia.

• Rijeka or Fiume , city (1991 pop. 167,964), W Croatia, on the Adriatic Sea and the Gulf of Quarnero. Croatia's largest seaport, the city's industries include shipbuilding, oil refining, paper milling, and engine...

• Rovinj Ital. Rovigno d'Istria, town (1991 pop. 12,910), in Croatia, on the Istrian coast of the Adriatic Sea. It is a seaport with shipbuilding and fishing industries. Rovinj belonged to Venice from 1283 until 1797, when it...

• Sarajevo city (1991 est. pop. 529,000), capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the Miljacka River. An important industrial and railway center, its industries include food and tobacco processing and...

• Senta Hung. Zenta, city (1991 pop. 28,779), in the Vojvodina region of Serbia, on the Tisza River. A river port and an agricultural center, it has a variety of light industries. At Senta in 1697, Prince Eugene of...

• Serbia Serbian Srbija , officially Republic of Serbia, republic (1995 est. pop. 10,394,000), 34,116 sq mi (88,361 sq km), W central Balkan Peninsula; formerly the chief constituent republic of Yugoslavia and of its short-lived successor, Serbia and Montenegro. It is bounded in the northwest by Croatia, in the north by Hungary, in the northeast by Romania, in the east by Bulgaria, in the south by...

• Serbia and Montenegro Serbian Srbija i Crna Gora, former country of SE Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula, a short-lived union (2003-6) of the republics of Serbia and the much smaller Montenegro that was also a successor...

• Skopje or Skoplje , city (1994 pop. 444,760), capital of Macedonia, on the Vardar River. It is an important transportation and trade center as well as an industrial hub where chemicals, cement, machinery, and diverse...

• Skoplje see Skopje , Macedonia.

• Slavonia Croatian Slavonija, historic region, part of Croatia. It is a fertile agricultural and forested lowland bounded, in part, by the Drava River in the north and the Sava River in the south. Wheat and corn are the major...

• Slovenia Slovene Slovenija, officially Republic of Slovenia, republic (2005 est. pop. 2,011,000), 7,817 sq mi (20,246 sq km). It is bounded in the north by Austria, in the northeast by Hungary, in the southeast by Croatia,...

• Smederevo town (1991 pop. 63,884), NE Serbia, a port on the Danube River. Its industries include oil refining and steel manufacturing. Wine is produced in the surrounding region. Dating from Roman times,...

• Split Ital. Spalato, city (1991 pop. 189,388), S Croatia, on the Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic Sea. It is a major seaport and a leading commercial center. Shipbuilding and the production of plastics, chemicals, and...

• Strumica town (1994 pop. 43,868), SE Macedonia. It is an agricultural center reliant on tobacco, livestock, and cotton production. Strumica, an ancient town, was long under Turkish rule; it was ceded to...

• Subotica Ger. Maria Theresiopel or Theresiopel, Hung. Szabadka, city (1991 pop. 100,386), N Serbia, in the Vojvodina region. An important railway junction and an industrial center, it has factories that produce metal goods, fertilizer, furniture, and agricultural machinery. Originally a Roman outpost, Subotica...

• Susak see Rijeka , Croatia.

• Titograd see Podgorica , Montenegro.

• Titov Veles see Veles.

• Trogir Ger. Trau, town (1991 pop. 10,266), S Croatia, partly on the Adriatic island of Čiovo and partly on the mainland, separated by a channel. A small port, it is also a seaside resort. It has a large shipbuilding...

• Tuzla city (1991 pop. 84,244), in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Various fruits are grown in the vicinity, lignite and salt are mined, and some oil is extracted; there is a chemical plant. The city's salt...

• Veles town (1994 pop. 56,751), in Macedonia, on the Vardar River. It is a road and rail junction and the market center for a fruit- and vegetable-producing region. An ancient town, Veles has Roman and...

• Veliki Bečkerek see Zrenjanin , Serbia.

• Vis Gr. Issa, Ital. Lissa, island (1991 pop. 4,338), 35 sq mi (91 sq km), Croatia, off the Dalmatian coast in the Adriatic. A popular resort, its chief industries are fishing, citrus farming, and wine making. Its chief town,...

• Vojvodina or Voivodina , province (1991 pop. 2,013,889), 8,301 sq mi (21,500 sq km), N Serbia. Novi Sad is the chief city. A part of the Pannonian Plain, it is watered by the Danube, the Tisza, and the Sava rivers and is one of the most densely populated parts of Serbia. About 60% of the land is...

• Yugoslavia Serbo-Croatian Jugoslavija, former country of SE Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula. Belgrade was the capital and by far the largest city. Yugoslavs (i.e., South Slavs) consisted of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, Montenegrins, and Bosniaks (also known Bosnian Muslims). Closely...

• Zadar Ital. Zara, city (1991 pop. 176,343), W Croatia, on the Dalmatian coast of the Adriatic Sea. A seaport and a tourist center, it has industries that produce liqueur, processed fish, textiles, and cigarettes. It...

• Zagreb Ger. Agram, Hung. Zágráb, city (1991 pop. 706,770), capital and largest city of Croatia, on the Sava River. Zagreb is Croatia's largest industrial, manufacturing, and financial center and, prior to Yugoslavia's...

• Zara see Zadar , Croatia.

• Zrenjanin city (1991 pop. 81,316), NE Serbia, in the Vojvodina region of Serbia, on the Begej River. A river port and a railway center, it has industries that produce foodstuffs, sugar, beer, and other spirits. It was known as Nagybecskerek until its transfer...