Documents for "Scandinavian Political Geography":

• Åbenrå city (1992 pop. 15,799), capital of Sønderjylland co., S Denmark, at the head of the Åbenrå Fjord. It is a port and the commercial center for a rich agricultural region. The city was chartered in...

• Åbo Finland: see Turku.

• Åland Islands or Ahvenanmaa Islands , Swed. Ålandsöerna , archipelago (1996 pop. 25,257), 581 sq mi (1,505 sq km), in the Baltic Sea between Sweden and Finland, at the entrance of the Gulf of Bothnia. Politically, it constitutes the Åland province of...

• Ålborg city (1992 pop. 114,970), capital of Nordjylland co., N Denmark, on both sides of the Limfjord. It is a major industrial, transportation, and cultural center. Manufactures include cement,...

• Ålesund city (1995 pop. 36,720), Møre og Romsdal county, W Norway, on 3 islands in the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Storfjord. It is a major commercial and fishing port. Products include clothing,...

• Åndalsnes town, Møre og Romsdal co., W Norway, at the head of the Romsdalfjord. It is a popular tourist resort. In World War II, the town was heavily damaged when the Germans pushed back (1940) an Allied...

• Århus city (1992 pop. 204,139), capital of Århus co., central Denmark, on Århus Bay, an arm of the Kattegat. The second largest city in Denmark, it is a commercial, industrial, and shipping center...

• Ängelholm city (1990 est. pop. 19,190), Kristianstad co., SW Sweden, on Skälderviken Bay (an arm of the Kattegat); chartered 1516. It is a beach resort and has tanneries. The city is also known as Engelholm....

• Østfold county (1995 pop. 239,371), 1,614 sq mi (4,180 sq km), SE Norway, between the Oslofjord in the west and the Swedish border in the east. Moss is the capital. The county's productive farms produce...

• Öland narrow island (1995 pop. 25,690), 520 sq mi (1,347 sq km), Kalmar co., SE Sweden, in the Baltic Sea, separated from mainland Sweden by the Kalmarsund. Borgholm is the chief town; there are many...

• Örebro city (1990 pop. 85,860), capital of Örebro co., S central Sweden, W of Lake Hjälmaren. It is a commercial, industrial, and transportation center. Manufactures include shoes, paper, and processed...

• Östersund city (1990 pop. 42,860), capital of Jämtland co., central Sweden, on Lake Storsjön; founded 1786. It is a commercial, industrial, agricultural, tourist, and transportation center.

• Aabenraa see Åbenrå , Denmark.

• Aalborg see Ålborg , Denmark.

• Aalesund see Ålesund , Norway.

• Aarhus see Århus , Denmark.

• Ahvenanmaa Islands see Åland Islands.

• Akershus county (1995 pop. 434,544), 1,895 sq mi (4,908 sq km), SE Norway, bordering on the Oslofjord in the south and on Sweden in the east. The capital is Oslo. The county has productive farms and...

• Akranes town (1993 pop. 5,233), SW Iceland, on a peninsula in the Faxaflói. It is a fishing port and industrial center, with a huge cement plant.

• Akureyri city (1993 pop. 14,799), N Iceland, at the head of the Eyjafjörður. The second largest city of Iceland, it is a fishing, commercial, and industrial center, producing iron, wooden, and woolen...

• Alingsås city (1990 est. pop. 21,300), Älvsborg co., SW Sweden, on Lake Mjörn; chartered 1619. It is an industrial center. Manufactures include textiles, leather goods, processed food, candy, beer, and...

• Als Ger. Alsen, island, 121 sq mi (313 sq km), Sønderjylland co., S Denmark, in the Lille Bælt, separated from the mainland by the narrow Alensund. Sønderborg (partly situated on the mainland) is the main city;...

• Alsen see Als , Denmark.

• Amager island (1992 pop. 148,413), 25 sq mi (65 sq km), Copenhagen co., E Denmark, in the Øresund. Northern Amager is occupied by a part of Copenhagen city that has important shipbuilding and harbor...

• Arboga town (1990 pop. 11,548), Västmanland co., S Sweden, on the Arboga River, near Lake Hjälmaren. It is a transportation, industrial, and tourist center. Manufactures include metal goods and processed...

• Arendal city (1995 pop. 38,695), capital of Aust-Agder co., SE Norway, a port on the Skagerrak. Manufactures include forest products and processed metal, food, and tobacco. Chartered in 1723, Arendal has...

• Arvika city (1990 est. pop. 14,000), Värmland co., W Sweden, on Lake Glafsfjorden. It is a commercial and industrial center, with a lake port. Arvika was mentioned in a 13th-century Norse saga.

• Aust-Agder county (1995 pop. 99,585), 3,610 sq mi (9,350 sq km), S Norway, bordering on the Skagerrak in the east. Arendal is the capital. The Setesdal comprises the county's northern section. The Otra is the main river. Major industries include forestry, shipping, agriculture, tourism, and mining (nickel and iron). The county was formerly called...

• Avesta city (1990 est. pop. 16,860), Kopparberg co., S central Sweden, on the Dalälven River. Aluminum and high quality steel are manufactured there. Formerly a copper mining and refining center, Avesta...

• Bergen city (1995 pop. 221,645), capital of Hordaland co., SW Norway, situated on inlets of the North Sea. It is Norway's second largest city and a major shipping center. Formerly a major textile and...

• Bjorneborg Finland: see Pori.

• Bodø city (1995 pop. 39,119), capital of Nordland co., W Norway, at the mouth of the Saltfjord, N of the Arctic Circle. It is a center for coastal shipping, tourism, and fishing and serves as the port...

• Boden city (1990 pop. 20,210), Norrbotten co., NE Sweden, on the Luleålv River; chartered 1919. It is an important rail junction and a winter sports center. Forest products are manufactured, and there...

• Bollnäs city (1990 pop. 13,160), E Sweden, on the Ljusnan River. It is an important trade center and has railroad workshops. A 15th-century church is there.

• Borås city (1990 pop. 59,710), Älvsborg co., SW Sweden, on the Viskan River. It is a transportation and commercial center and Sweden's leading textile center, with numerous cotton and woolen mills...

• Borgå see Porvoo , Finland.

• Borgholm town (1990 pop. 3,169), Kalmar co., SE Sweden, on Öland Island and on the Kalmarsund, an arm of the Baltic Sea. It is a seaside resort. Of note are the ruins of Borgholm castle (13th cent.;...

• Borlänge city (1990 pop. 39,150), Kopparberg co., S central Sweden, on the Dalälven River; chartered 1944. It has major factories manufacturing iron, steel, and paper and also has sawmills, machine shops,...

• Bornholm county (1992 pop. 45,541), 227 sq mi (588 sq km), extreme E Denmark, in the Baltic Sea, near Sweden, consisting mainly of the island of Bornholm, which constitutes almost all of the land area and...

• Buskerud county (1995 pop. 228,506), c.5,725 sq mi (14,830 sq km), SE Norway. Drammen (the capital), Ringerike, and Kongsberg are the chief towns. The county extends from the Oslofjord in the southeast to...

• Calmar see Kalmar , Sweden.

• Carlscrona see Karlskrona , Sweden.

• Christiania see Oslo , Norway.

• Copenhagen Dan. København , city (1992 pop. 464,566; metropolitan area 1,339,395), capital of Denmark and of Copenhagen co., E Denmark, on E Sjælland and N Amager islands and on the Øresund. It is a major commercial,...

• Düppel see Dybbøl , Denmark.

• Denmark Dan. Danmark, officially Kingdom of Denmark, kingdom (2005 est. pop. 5,432,000), 16,629 sq mi (43,069 sq km), N Europe. It borders on Germany in the south, the North Sea in the west, the Skagerrak in the north,...

• Drammen city (1995 pop. 52,755), capital of Buskerud co., SE Norway, at the head of the Dramsfjord and at the mouth of the Dramselva River. It is a commercial and fishing port and a trade and industrial...

• Drobak town, Akershus co., SE Norway, on the Oslofjord. It is a picturesque summer resort and a winter port for Oslo.

• Dybbøl Ger. Düppel, village, Sønderjylland co., S Denmark, on the Flensborg Fjord. The Danes were defeated at Dybbøl in 1849 by Saxon and Bavarian troops and in 1864 by the Prussians,...

• Edge Island see Edgeøya.

• Egersund town (1995 pop. 12,801), Rogaland co., S Norway, a modern fishing port on the North Sea. Often mentioned in the Norwegian sagas, Egersund was a busy port as early as the Middle Ages.

• Eidsvoll or Eidsvold , town (1995 pop. 16,792), Akershus co., SE Norway, near Lake Mjøsa. Forest products are manufactured there. One of Norway's oldest confederacies, the Eidsivalag, held its assemblies...

• Elsinore see Helsingør , Denmark.

• Elverum town (1995 pop. 17,616), Hedmark co., SE Norway, on the Glåma River. A rail junction and an important military training center, it was badly damaged in World War II during the German invasion...

• Engelholm see Ängelholm , Sweden.

• Enköping city (1990 est. pop. 18,670), Uppsala co., E Sweden, near Stockholm. It is an industrial center whose manufactures include machinery and vehicles. Enköping was founded c.1300 and is one of...

• Esbjerg city (1992 pop. 72,205), Ribe co., SW Denmark, a port on the North Sea. It is a commercial and industrial center, and Denmark's largest fishing port. Esbjerg's main development came after the...

• Eskilstuna city (1990 pop. 89,820), Södermanland co., SE Sweden, between lakes Hjälmaren and Mälaren. Named after Eskil, an 11th-century English missionary who was martyred, the city was chartered (1659) by...

• Espoo Swed. Esbo, city (1998 pop. 204,962), Southern Finland prov., S Finland, 10 mi (16 km) W of Helsinki. Part of the Helsinki metropolitan area, Espoo saw enormous growth in the late 20th cent., and is now...

• Fårön island, 40 sq mi (104 sq km), Gotland co., E Sweden, separated from Gotland Island by the Fårösund, an arm of the Baltic Sea. It has a lighthouse, fine beaches, and prehistoric and medieval ruins...

• Faeroe Islands or Faröe Islands , Dan. Færøerne, Faeroese Føroyar, group of volcanic islands (2005 est. pop. 47,000), 540 sq mi (1,399 sq km), Denmark, in the N Atlantic, between Iceland and the Shetland Islands. There are 18 main islands and a few small,...

• Fagersta city (1990 pop. 12,320), Västmanland co., S central Sweden. It is an industrial and winter sports center. Manufactures include iron and steel and forest products.

• Falköping city (1990 pop. 31,990), Skaraborg co., S Sweden, between lakes Vänern and Vättern. It is a commercial and industrial center. Manufactures include textiles and cement. There are numerous...

• Falster island (1992 pop. 42,940), 198 sq mi (513 sq km), Storstrøm co., SE Denmark, in the Baltic Sea. Nykøbing is the chief city. The island's southern tip, Gedser Odde, is the southernmost point in...

• Falun city (1990 pop. 33,256), capital of Kopparberg co., S central Sweden; chartered 1624 and again in 1641. It is the headquarters of Sweden's oldest company, the Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags...

• Faröe Islands see Faeroe Islands , Denmark.

• Finland Finnish Suomi , officially Republic of Finland, republic (2005 est. pop. 5,223,000), 130,119 sq mi (337,009 sq km), N Europe. It borders on the Gulf of Bothnia and Sweden in the west, on Norway in the north, on...

• Finnmark county (1995 pop. 76,668), 18,783 sq mi (46,648 sq km), N Norway, bordering on the Arctic Ocean in the north, on the Barents Sea in the east, on Russia in the southeast, and on Finland in the...

• Fredericia city (1992 pop. 28,529), Vejle co., central Denmark, on the Lille Bælt. It is a port, an industrial center, and an important rail junction. Manufactures include refined petroleum, chemicals,...

• Frederiksberg Denmark: see Copenhagen.

• Frederiksborg castle see Hillerød , Denmark.

• Frederikshald see Halden , Norway.

• Frederikshavn city (1992 pop. 24,930), Nordjylland co., N Denmark, a port on the Kattegat; chartered 1818. It is a commercial and industrial center, with ferry services, shipyards, engineering works, and a food...

• Fredrikshald see Halden , Norway.

• Fredrikshamn Finland: see Hamina.

• Fredrikssten see Halden , Norway.

• Fredrikstad city (1995 pop. 65,148), Østfold co., SE Norway, a port on the Oslofjord (an arm of the Skagerrak) at the mouth of the Glåma River. Manufactures include forest products, processed food, and...

• Fyn Ger. Fünen, island (1992 pop. 440,261), c.1,340 sq mi (3,471 sq km), Fyn co., S central Denmark. Odense, Svendborg, Nyborg, Assens, and Middelfart are the chief cities of Fyn, which is the second largest of...

• Gävle city (1990 pop. 67,300), capital of Gävleborg co., E Sweden, on the Gulf of Bothnia. Although icebound for three months of the year, the port of Gävle has a busy export trade, especially in iron...

• Götaland or Götarike: see Sweden.

• Göteborg or Gothenburg , city (1990 pop. 574,433), capital of Göteborg och Bohus co., SW Sweden, on the Kattegat at the mouth of the Göta älv. It is Sweden's most important seaport and its second largest city; it is also...

• Gentofte Denmark: see Copenhagen.

• Glittertinden peak, 8,104 ft (2,470 m) high, S central Norway, in the Jotunheimen Mts. It is the highest point in Scandinavia.

• Gothenburg see Göteborg , Sweden.

• Gotland Swed. Gotlands län, county (1995 pop. 58,240), 1,225 sq mi (3,173 sq km), SE Sweden, in the Baltic Sea. The county comprises the large island of Gotland and several smaller islands, including Fårön, Gotska Sandön, and...

• Hälsingborg see Helsingborg , Sweden.

• Hämeenlinna Swed. Tavastehus, city (1998 pop. 45,555), capital of Southern Finland prov., S Finland. It is a lake port and a manufacturing town with plywood mills, tanneries, spool mills, and rubber works. Built around a...

• Härnösand city (1990 est. pop. 19,200), capital of Västernorrland co., E Sweden, on the Gulf of Bothnia at the mouth of the Ångermanälven River. Its harbor, icebound in winter, is a center of the coastal...

• Haderslev Ger. Hadersleben, city (1992 pop. 20,329), Sønderjylland co., S Denmark, a seaport on the Haderslev Fjord, an inlet of the Lille Bælt. It is a commercial and industrial center and rail junction. Haderslev was held...

• Hafnarfjörður town (1993 pop. 16,787), SW Iceland, S of Reykjavík. It is a distribution, industrial, and fishing center with an excellent harbor. During the 15th and 16th cent. German and English traders fought...

• Halden town (1995 pop. 25,951), Østfold co., SE Norway, a port on the Iddefjord (an arm of the Skagerrak), near the Swedish border. Manufactures include forest products, footwear, and textiles. The first...

• Halmstad city (1990 est. pop. 48,880), capital of Halland co., SW Sweden, a seaport on the Kattegat at the mouth of the Nissan River. It is an industrial center and summer resort. Manufactures include...

• Hamar city (1995 pop. 26,284), capital of Hedmark co., SE Norway, on Lake Mjøsa. It is a commercial, industrial, and winter-sports center. Hamar was founded in 1152 as an episcopal see by Nicholas...

• Hamina Swed. Fredrikshamn, city (1996 pop. 9,925), South Finland prov., SE Finland, on the Gulf of Finland. Hamina is an important port. Timber and wood products are exported. Originally named Veckelaks, it was a noted trade...

• Hammerfest town (1995 pop. 9,561), Finnmark co., N Norway, on Kvaløy island. It is the northernmost town of Europe, but its harbor is always ice-free. Tourists are attracted by its uninterrupted daylight...

• Hangö see Hanko , Finland.

• Hanko or Hangö , city (1996 pop. 10,623), Southern Finland prov., SW Finland, at the tip of the Hanko peninsula on the Baltic Sea. A popular bathing resort and a manufacturing town, it is the most important winter...

• Harsprånget village: see Luleälv , river, Sweden.

• Harstad town (1995 pop. 22,951), Troms co., NW Norway, on Hinnøya, the largest island of Norway. It is a fishing center and a bunkering place for coastal steamers and trawlers. Nearby is the fortified...

• Haugesund city (1995 pop. 29,073), Rogaland co., S Norway, a port on the North Sea. It has large fisheries and industries producing processed fish and aluminum. It also has a 928-ft (283-m) drydock, which,...

• Hedmark county (1995 pop. 186,657), c.10,600 sq mi (27,500 sq km), SE Norway, bordering on Sweden in the east. The capital is Hamar. It is the chief forest area of Norway; production is especially...

• Helsingør or Elsinore , city (1992 pop. 43,302), Frederiksborg co., E Denmark, on the Øresund opposite Helsingborg, Sweden. It is an industrial center, fishing port, and summer resort. Manufactures include ships, rubber,...

• Helsingborg or Hälsingborg , city (1990 pop. 81,165), Malmöhus co., S Sweden, a seaport on the Øresund, connected by ferry with Helsingør, Denmark. It is a commercial and industrial center. Manufactures include processed...

• Helsingfors Finland: see Helsinki.

• Helsinki Swed. Helsingfors, city (1998 pop. 546,317), capital of Finland, located in Southern Finland prov., S Finland, on the Gulf of Finland. Situated on a peninsula, sheltered by islands, and protected by the island...

• Herning city (1992 pop. 28,919), Ringkøbing co., central Denmark. It is an important manufacturing center with textile mills and machine shops. An annual textiles fair is held there.

• Hillerød city (1992 pop. 25,488), capital of Frederiksborg co., E Denmark. It is an industrial and tourist center with a number of medical institutes and drug companies. The city developed around the...

• Hjørring city (1992 pop. 24,224), Nordjylland co., N Denmark. The center of an agricultural region, it has food-processing plants, textile mills, machine shops, and shipyards. Hjørring dates from the 12th...

• Holbæk city (1992 pop. 21,851), Vestsjælland co., E Denmark, a seaport on Holbæk Fjord, an arm of the Isefjord; chartered 1288. It is a commercial and industrial center.

• Holstebro city (1992 pop. 29,819), Ringkøbing co., W central Denmark, on the Storå River. It is a commercial and industrial center and a rail junction, producing foodstuffs, tobacco, and beer.

• Hordaland county (1995 pop. 422,581), c.6,030 sq mi (15,600 sq km), SW Norway, bordering on the North Sea in the west. Bergen is the capital. Hordaland includes the Hardangerfjord region and numerous...

• Horsens city (1992 pop. 47,085), Vejle co., central Denmark, a port at the head of the Horsens Fjord, an inlet of the Kattegat. It is a commercial and industrial center. Horsens was a fortified town in...

• Horten town (1995 pop. 16,059), Vestfold co., SE Norway, a port on the Oslofjord (an arm of the Skagerrak); chartered 1907. It is a commercial and industrial center. Horten was the main Norwegian naval...

• Iceland Icel. Ísland, officially Republic of Iceland, republic (2005 est. pop. 297,000), 39,698 sq mi (102,819 sq km), the westernmost state of Europe, occupying an island in the Atlantic Ocean just S of the Arctic...

• Isafjörður town (1993 pop. 3,524), NW Iceland, on the Isafjarðardjúp, an arm of the Denmark Strait. It is a fishing port and has refrigeration plants, shrimp and fish-meal factories, shipyards, and machine...

• Jönköping city (1990 pop. 76,280), capital of Jönköping co. (1995 pop. 312,490), S Sweden, at the southern end of Lake Vättern. It is a commercial and industrial center. The safety match was developed...

• Jakobstad or Pietarsaari , city (1996 pop. 19,905), Western Finland prov., W Finland, on the Gulf of Bothnia. It is an important port and industrial center. More than half the inhabitants speak Swedish. The city was founded...

• Jan Mayen island, c.145 sq mi (380 sq km), in the Arctic Ocean, c.300 mi (480 km) E of Scoresby Sound, E Greenland. It was annexed by Norway in 1929. The island is barren tundra land rising abruptly to...

• Joensuu city (1998 pop. 51,113), Eastern Finland prov., SE Finland. It is the trade center of the forest region of NE Karelia, has plywood mills, and is an important lake port. It was chartered in 1848 as...

• Jyväskylä city (1998 pop. 76,948), Western Finland prov., S central Finland. Situated on Lake Päijänne, it is an important port. Paper and wood products, metals, wool, and foodstuffs are produced. There is...

• København Denmark: see Copenhagen.

• Köping city (1990 pop. 18,850), Västmanland co., S central Sweden, at the western end of Lake Mälaren. It is an important lake port and a commercial and industrial center. Manufactures include machinery,...

• Kajaani Swed. Kajana, city (1996 pop. 36,795), Oulu prov., central Finland, on the Kajaaninjoki River. Forest products (including paper goods and cellulose) and sports equipment are manufactured. The city is also a...

• Kalmar city (1990 pop. 30,820), capital of Kalmar co. (1995 pop. 144,060), SE Sweden, on the Kalmarsund (an arm of the Baltic Sea) opposite Öland Island. It is a commercial, industrial, and tourist...

• Kalundborg city (1992 pop. 15,304), Vestsjælland co., central Denmark, a port on the Kalundborg Fjord, an arm of the Store Bælt. It is a commercial, industrial, and communications center. Manufactures...

• Karlshamm city (1990 pop. 18,390), Blekinge co., SE Sweden, a busy port on the Baltic Sea; chartered 1664. It is the seat of a large fishing fleet and has a major concentrated food factory.

• Karlskoga city (1990 pop. 31,110), Örebro co., S Sweden; chartered 1940. An industrial center, it is the seat of the Bofors iron and armaments works and has other industries that manufacture steel,...

• Karlskrona city (1990 pop. 31,100), capital of Blekinge co., SE Sweden, on the Baltic Sea. It is a seaport and fishing center with a large modern port. The city has been the headquarters of the Swedish navy...

• Karlstad city (1990 pop. 52,930), capital of Värmland co., S Sweden, on Lake Vänern. It has ironworks and machine shops and other industries that manufacture forest products and heavy machinery. Known as...

• Katrineholm city (1990 pop. 21,660), Södermanland co., S Sweden; chartered 1917. It is a commercial, industrial, and transportation center. The city has one of Europe's largest dairies and other industries...

• Keflavík town (1993 pop. 7,584), SW Iceland, on the Faxaflói, W of Reykjavík. It is a major fishing port, best known for its large international airport, which was built by the United States during World...

• Kemi city (1996 pop. 24,633), Lapland prov., W central Finland, on the Gulf of Bothnia at the mouth of the Kemijoki River. An old trading post, it was chartered in 1869. Kemi is a port and has large sawmills...

• Kiruna city (1990 pop. 20,470), Norrbotten co., N Sweden. The northernmost city in Sweden, it is the center of the Lapland iron-mining region. The ore is shipped on the Lapland railroad (completed 1902)...

• Kokkola Swed. Gamlakarleby, city (1996 pop. 35,510), Western Finland prov., W Finland, on the Gulf of Bothnia. It is a port with lumber, machine, and leather industries. It was chartered in 1620.

• Kolding city (1992 pop. 45,514), Vejle co., S central Denmark, a port on Kolding Fjord, an arm of the Lille Bælt. It is a commercial, industrial, and fishing center that produces ships, machinery, and...

• Kongsberg city (1995 pop. 21,534), Buskerud co., SE Norway, on the Lågen River. It is a commercial, industrial, and winter sports center and has a hydroelectric power plant. Formerly a silver-mining center,...

• Korsør city (1992 pop. 14,659), Vestsjælland co., S central Denmark, a seaport on the Store Bælt. In the city are fisheries and factories producing glass and processed food.

• Kotka city (1998 pop. 55,551), Southern Finland prov., SE Finland, on the Gulf of Finland. It is a major export center for paper, pulp, and timber, and it has chemical industries. It was chartered in...

• Kouvola city (1996 pop. 31,986), located in Kymen prov., SE Finland. It is an important railroad junction on the line running from St. Petersburg to Helsinki and a transportation center for goods heading...

• Kristiania see Oslo , Norway.

• Kristiansand city (1995 pop. 68,618), capital of Vest-Agder co., S Norway, a commercial and passenger port on the Skagerrak. Manufactures include ships, textiles, metal and wood products, canned fish, and...

• Kristianstad city (1990 pop. 31,310), SE Sweden, on the Helge River. Its nearby seaport, Åhus, is on the Baltic Sea. Kristianstad is a commercial and industrial center, located in a fertile agricultural...

• Kristiansund city (1995 pop. 17,098), Møre og Romsdal co., W Norway, a port on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the site of a large trawler fleet and has industries that produce ships and fish and forest products...

• Kristinehamn city (1990 pop. 19,340), Värmland co., S central Sweden, a port on Lake Vänern. The city was first chartered in 1582 as Bro. It was rechartered in 1642 by Queen Christina and renamed Kristinehamn...

• Kronborg castle see Helsingør , Denmark.

• Kuopio city (1998 pop. 86,203), Eastern Finland prov., central Finland, on Lake Kallavesi. Situated in a large forest region, its industries are based on timber. It is at the head of the Saimaa lake...

• Laaland see Lolland , Denmark.

• Lahti city (1998 pop. 96,227), Southern Finland prov., S central Finland. Connected with the southern end of the Päijänne lake system, it is an important lake port as well as a transportation center. It...

• Landskrona city (1990 pop. 26,600), Malmöhus co., SW Sweden, a seaport on the Øresund. It is a commercial and industrial center. Manufactures include metal products, ships, leather, refined sugar, rubber,...

• Langeland narrow island (1992 pop. 15,226), 110 sq mi (285 sq km), S Denmark, between Fyn and Lolland. Rudkøbing is the main town; other towns include Bagenkop and Lohals. The island is largely...

• Lapland Finn. Lappi, Nor. Lapland, Swed. Lappland, vast region of N Europe, largely within the Arctic Circle. It includes the Norwegian provinces of Finnmark and Troms and part of Nordland; the Swedish historic province of Lappland; N Finland; and...

• Lappeenranta Swed. Villmanstrand, city (1998 pop. 57,374), Southern Finland prov., SE Finland, on Lake Saimaa. It is an important trade and industrial center, with sulfuric acid works, lumber mills, and cement factories. There is a...

• Larvik city (1995 pop. 39,011), Vestfold co., SE Norway, at the head of the Larviksfjord (an arm of the Skagerrak); chartered 1671. It is a shipping and whaling center. Tanum Church, a medieval stone...

• Lidingö city (1990 pop. 30,120), Stockholm co., SE Sweden, on Lidingö Island in the Baltic Sea; chartered 1926. It is a residential suburb of Stockholm and a resort.

• Lidköping city (1990 pop. 22,010), Skaraborg co., S Sweden, a port on Lake Vänern; chartered 1446. It has an important porcelain industry, in addition to machine shops and match factories. Nearby is Läckö...

• Lillehammer town (1995 pop. 24,170), capital of Oppland co., S Norway, at the northern end of Lake Mjøsa. It is a commercial center for the fertile Gudbrandsdalen valley and is a popular summer and winter...

• Linköping city (1990 pop. 82,450), capital of Östergötland co., S Sweden, near Lake Roxen. It is a commercial, industrial, and transportation center. Manufactures include motor vehicles, railroad cars,...

• Lofoten and Vesterålen two contiguous island groups (1995 est. pop. 56,700), Nordland and Troms counties, NW Norway, in the Norwegian Sea. Situated within the Arctic Circle, the islands extend c.150 mi (240 km) from...

• Lolland or Laaland , island (1992 pop. 72,536), 479 sq mi (1,241 sq km), SE Denmark, in the Baltic Sea, E of Langeland, S of Sjælland, and W of Falster. The island is low-lying and agricultural; sugar beets are the...

• Longyearbyen town and administrative center of Svalbard, on Isfjorden, Spitsbergen island. It is a coal-mining settlement, founded (1905) by an American company and named after the American miner J. M...

• Luleå city (1990 pop. 42,730), capital of Norrbotten co., NE Sweden, a port on the Gulf of Bothnia at the mouth of the Luleälv River. Although its harbor is icebound most of the winter, large quantities...

• Lund city (1990 pop. 62,910), Malmöhus co., S Sweden. It is a commercial and industrial center and a rail junction. Manufactures include paper, packaging, printed materials, and clothing. Mentioned...

• Møn or Möen , island (1992 pop. 11,187), 84 sq mi (218 sq km), SE Denmark, in the Baltic Sea, S of Sjælland and NE of Falster. Stege is the main town. Møn is largely agricultural; sugar beets are the main crop,...

• Møre og Romsdal county (1995 pop. 240,215), 5,820 sq mi (15,074 sq km) W Norway, bordering on the Atlantic Ocean in the west. Molde is the capital. It is a scenic mountainous region, with deep valleys, including...

• Möen see Møn , Denmark.

• Mölndal city (1990 pop. 52,033), Göteborg och Bohus co., SW Sweden, an industrial suburb of Göteborg.

• Maarianhamina see Marienhamn , Finland.

• Malmö city (1990 pop. 223,660), capital of Malmöhus co., S Sweden, on the Øresund opposite Copenhagen. Sweden's third largest city, it is a major naval and commercial port and an industrial center. Manufactures include textiles, clothing, metal goods, processed food, and cement. There are also...

• Mandal town (1995 pop. 12,921), Vest-Agder co., extreme S Norway, on the Skagerrak. A renowned seaport in the 17th cent., it is now a small trading and shipping center, known for its remarkable beach and...

• Maribo city (1992 pop. 5,566), Storstrøm co., SE Denmark, on Lake Søndersø. It is a commercial and industrial center with sugar refineries. The playwright Kaj Munk (1898-1944) was born...

• Mariehamn or Maarianhamina , city (1996 pop. 10,399), capital of Åland prov., SW Finland, on Åland island. It is an active trade center and a popular summer resort. It was founded in 1861 by Czar...

• Mariestad town (1990 pop. 16,020), capital of Skaraborg co., S Sweden, on Lake Vänern. It is a commercial and industrial center. Manufactures include paper, textiles, and furniture. Chartered in 1583,...

• Middelfart city (1992 pop. 12,429), Fyn co., central Denmark, on the Lille Bælt, which is spanned there by a road and rail bridge. Middelfart has long been a port and fishing base.

• Mikkeli Swed. Sankt Michel, city (1996 pop. 32,797), capital of Eastern Finland prov., S central Finland. It is in the Saimaa lake region and is an important lake port, commercial center, transportation hub, and resort area...

• Molde town (1995 pop. 22,892), capital of Møre og Romsdal co., W Norway, on the Moldefjord (an arm of the Romsdalfjord). Commanding a panoramic view of the snowcapped Romsdal Mts., it is a favorite...

• Mors island (1992 pop. 23,473), 140 sq mi (363 sq km), NW Denmark, in the Limfjord. Nykøbing is the chief city. The island has considerable fertile soil, and offshore there are oyster fisheries....

• Moss city (1995 pop. 25,253), capital of Østfold co., SE Norway, a port on the Oslofjord. It is a commercial, industrial, and tourist center, with shipyards, sawmills, textile factories, metalworks,...

• Motala city (1990 pop. 29,630), Östergötland co., S Sweden, on Lake Vättern and on the Göta Canal. It is an important lake port and an industrial center. Manufactures include locomotives and radio and...

• Næstved city (1992 pop. 38,185), Storstrøm co., SE Denmark. It is a seaport, linked (since 1938) with the Karrebæk Fjord (an arm of the Store Bælt) by a 5-mi (8.1-km) canal. It is also an industrial...

• Nacka city (1994 est. pop. 69,120), Stockholm co., E Sweden, on the Baltic Sea, a suburb of Stockholm. It has radio and television stations and shipyards. Manufactures include steam turbines, chemicals,...

• Nakskov city (1992 pop. 14,922), Storstrøm co., SE Denmark, a seaport at the head of Nakskov Fjord (an arm of the Langelands Bælt). It has large sugar refineries.

• Namsos town (1995 pop. 12,300), Nord-Trøndelag co., W Norway, a port at the mouth of the Namsen River on the Namsenfjord. In World War II, Namsos was the scene (1940) of heavy fighting between the...

• Narvik city (1995 pop. 18,899), Nordland co., N Norway, an ice-free port on the Ofotfjord opposite the Lofoten Islands. It was founded (1887) as the Atlantic port for the Kiruna and Gällivare iron mines...

• Naze, the cape: see Lindesnes , Norway.

• Neskaupstaður town (1993 pop. 1,619), extreme E Iceland, on the Mjóifjörður, an arm of the Norwegian Sea. It is the chief town of E Iceland and a fishing port with freezing plants and fish-meal factories. It...

• New Alesund town, Spitsbergen: see Ny-Ålesund.

• Newtontoppen see Spitsbergen , island, Norway.

• Nidaros see Trondheim , Norway.

• Nokia town (1996 pop. 26,326), Western Finland prov., SW Finland, on Lake Näsijärvi. It is an industrial community where wood and rubber products are manufactured.

• Nordland county (1995 pop. 241,420), 14,798 sq mi (38,327 sq km), N central Norway, bordering on the Norwegian Sea in the west and on Sweden in the east. The chief towns are Bodø (the capital), Mo, and...

• Nord-Trøndelag county (1995 pop. 127,560), 8,673 sq mi (22,463 sq km), central Norway, N of the Trondheimsfjord and bordering on the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The chief towns are Steinkjer (the capital),...

• Norrköping city (1990 pop. 82,640), Östergötland co., SE Sweden, a seaport at the head of the Bråviken, a narrow inlet of the Baltic Sea. It is a commercial, industrial, and transportation center. A major...

• Norrland see Sweden.

• Norway Nor.