Documents for "Polish Political Geography":

• Łódź city (1993 est. pop. 842,300), capital of Łódzkie prov., central Poland. The second largest city of Poland and an important industrial center, Łódź is the center of the Polish textile industry...

• Łomża town (1991 est. pop. 61,400), Podlaskie prov., NE Poland, on the Narew River. It is a railway terminus. Industries include food processing and paper and textile milling. Łomża dates from c.1000;...

• Świdnica Ger. Schweidnitz, town (1993 est. pop. 64,200), Dolnośląskie prov., SW Poland. It has metal and chemical works, textile mills, sugar refineries, and various manufactures. An early residence of the Piast dukes of...

• Świnoujście Ger. Swinemünde, town (1993 est. pop. 46,300), Zachodniopomorskie prov., NW Poland, on the island of Usedom, at the mouth of the Świna River. It is the outer port for Szczecin and a fishing center and seaside...

• Żagań Ger. Sagan, town (1991 est. pop. 27,800), Lubuskie prov., W Poland, on the Bóbr River. It has lignite mines, textile mills, and glassmaking industries. Founded in the 12th cent., Żagań was the capital of a...

• Żyrardów city (1993 est. pop. 43,600), Mazowieckie prov., E central Poland. It is a textile center, known especially for its woolens. Leather goods are also manufactured in the city.

• Allenstein see Olsztyn , Poland.

• Auschwitz see Oświęcim , Poland.

• Będzin Ger. Bendzin , town (1993 est. pop. 65,100), Śląskie prov., SE Poland, on the Czarna Przemsza River, a tributary of the Vistula. It is a heavy industry and coal-mining center. Founded in the 14th cent., Będzin...

• Beuthen see Bytom , Poland.

• Białystok city (1994 est. pop. 274,700), capital of Podlaskie prov., NE Poland. It is a leading regional manufacturing center and a railway transportation point. Noted especially for its linens, the city...

• Bielitz see Bielsko-Biała , Poland.

• Bielsko-Biała Ger. Bielitz, city (1993 est. pop. 185,000), Śląskie prov., S Poland, on the Biała River, a tributary of the Vistula. The city is a railway junction and has a noted woolen textile industry. Other manufactures...

• Breslau see Wrocław , Poland.

• Bromberg see Bydgoszcz , Poland.

• Bydgoszcz Ger. Bromberg, city (1994 est. pop. 384,000), capital (with Toruń) of Kujawsko-Pomorskie prov., N central Poland, on the Brda River, a tributary of the Vistula. One of Poland's major inland ports, it stands on...

• Bytom Ger. Beuthen, city (1994 est. pop. 232,400), Śląskie prov., SW Poland, in the Katowice mining region. An important heavy industrial center, it has iron- and steelworks and the largest silver foundry in Poland. A...

• Chełm Rus. Kholm, city (1994 est. pop. 67,900), Lubelskie prov., E Poland. It is a railway junction and has industries manufacturing metals, lumber, machinery, cement, and liquors. An old Slavic settlement, Chełm...

• Chełmno Ger. Kulm, city (1993 est. pop. 21,600), Kujawsko-Pomorskie prov., N central Poland. Its industries manufacture iron goods and beer. It was founded by Teutonic Knights in 1231, passed to Poland in 1466, and...

• Chorzów city (1994 est. pop. 131,100), Śląskie prov., S Poland. A rail junction and a center of the Katowice mining and industrial region, it is the site of the Kościuszko Iron and Steel Works. Formerly...

• Cieszyn see Teschen.

• Częstochowa city (1993 est. pop. 258,800), Śląskie prov., S Poland, on the Warta River. It is an important railway and industrial center, known especially for its iron and steel plant and iron-smelting works...

• Dąbrowa Górnicza Ger. Dombrowa, city (1993 est. pop. 139,700), Śląskie prov., SE Poland, on the Czarna Przemsza River, a tributary of the Vistula. It is a railway junction and a center of the Katowice mining and industrial...

• Dęblin city (1994 est. pop. 19,400), Lubelskie prov., E Poland, on the Vistula River. It is a railway junction and one of the main crossings of the Vistula. Founded as a fortress by Czar Nicholas I in...

• Danzig see Gdańsk , Poland.

• Dirschau see Tczew , Poland.

• Dobromierz Poland: see Hohenfriedeberg.

• Dombrowa See Dąbrowa Górnicza , Poland.

• Dzierżoniów Ger. Reichenbach, town (1994 est. pop. 38,900), Dolnośląskie prov., SW Poland. It is a manufacturing center known for its textiles (especially woolens) and for its machine-building and electrical equipment...

• Elbing see Elbląg , Poland.

• Elbląg or Elbing , city (1994 est. pop. 127,500), Warmińsko-Mazurskie prov., N Poland. A seaport near the Vistula Lagoon, it has shipyards, machinery plants, and an important metallurgical industry. In 1237 the...

• Ermeland Ermland , or Warmia , historic region of East Prussia, extending far inland from the Baltic Sea. It was ceded to Poland in 1466 by the Teutonic Knights, passed to Prussia in 1772, and reverted to Poland after World War...

• Ermland see Ermeland.

• Galicia Pol. Galicja, Ukr. Halychyna, Rus. Galitsiya, historic region (32,332 sq mi/83,740 sq km), SE Poland and W Ukraine, covering the slopes of the N Carpathians and plains to the north and bordering on Slovakia in the south. It is drained by the...

• Gdańsk formerly Danzig , city (1993 est. pop. 466,700), capital of Pomorskie prov., N Poland, on a branch of the Vistula and on the Gulf of Gdańsk. One of the chief Polish ports on the Baltic Sea, it is a leading...

• Gdynia Ger. Gdingen, city (1994 est. pop. 252,100), Pomorskie prov., N Poland, a port on the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Danzig. It is the port of a larger urban area that includes Gdańsk and Sopot. It is an important...

• Glatz see Kłodzko , Poland.

• Gleiwitz see Gliwice , Poland.

• Gliwice Ger. Gleiwitz, city (1993 est. pop. 216,000), Śląskie prov., SW Poland. A coal-mining and steel-making center of the Katowice region, it also produces machinery and chemicals. Its busy port on the Gliwice Canal...

• Gnesen Poland: see Gniezno.

• Gniezno Ger. Gnesen, city (1993 est. pop. 70,400), Wielkopolskie prov., central Poland. It is a railway junction and a trade and food-processing center; there is also light manufacturing. The legendary cradle of the...

• Gorzów Wielkopolski Ger. Landsberg an der Warthe, city (1994 est. pop. 125,800), capital (with Zielona Góra) of Lubuskie prov., W Poland, on the Warthe River. A transportation and trade center, it also produces synthetic textiles and various food...

• Grünberg see Zielona Góra , Poland.

• Graudenz see Grudziądz , Poland.

• Grudziądz Ger. Graudenz, city (1993 est. pop. 103,300), Kujawsko-Pomorskie prov., N central Poland, a port on the Vistula River. Industries include lumber milling, brewing, textiles, and light manufacturing. The city is...

• Hajduki Wielkie see Chorzów , Poland.

• Halychyna see Galicia , Poland and Ukraine.

• Hindenburg see Zabrze , Poland.

• Hirschberg see Jelenia Góra , Poland.

• Hohenfriedeberg Pol. Dobromierz, town, Dolnośląskie prov., SW Poland. In 1745 it was the site of the victory of Frederick II of Prussia over the Austrian and Saxon forces in the War of the Austrian Succession. Hohenfriedeberg was...

• Hohensalza see Inowrocław , Poland.

• Inowrocław Ger. Hohensalza, city (1993 est. pop. 78,800), Kujawsko-Pomorskie prov., N central Poland. It is an important railway and industrial center where chemicals and bricks are produced. It is also a health resort, with...

• Jarosław town (1994 est. pop. 42,500), Podkarpackie prov., SE Poland, on the San River. The town was founded by Yaroslav the Wise, duke of Kiev, in the 11th cent. It passed to Poland in 1382. Despite continuous Tatar raids, it developed as an important trade center in the 15th and 16th cent. It passed to Austria in...

• Jelenia Góra Ger. Hirschberg, city (1992 est. pop. 93,500), Dolnośląskie prov., SW Poland. It is an industrial and commercial center known for its woolen textiles. Chartered in 1312, the city passed to Bohemia in 1368. A...

• Kłodzko Ger. Glatz, town (1994 est. pop. 30,600), Dolnośląskie prov., SW Poland. It is a commercial center with lumber and textile mills, metalworks, and sugar refineries. Founded in the 10th cent., it was capital of...

• Königshütte see Chorzów , Poland.

• Köslin see Koszalin , Poland.

• Kalisch see Kalisz , Poland.

• Kalisz Ger. Kalisch, city (1993 est. pop. 106,600), Wielkopolskie prov., central Poland. An industrial center, it has factories producing textiles, clothing, chemicals, aircraft components, and paper. One of the oldest...

• Katowice Ger. Kattowitz, city (1993 est. pop. 366,200), capital of Śląskie prov., S Poland. One of the chief mining and industrial centers of Poland, it has industries producing heavy machinery and chemicals; mines in the...

• Kattowitz see Katowice , Poland.

• Kielce city (1993 est. pop. 215,300), capital of Świętokrzyskie prov., S central Poland. It is a railway junction and manufacturing center where metals, machinery, and foodstuffs are produced. It also...

• Kołobrzeg or Kolberg, town (1994 est. pop. 46,300), Zachodniopomorskie prov., NW Poland, on the Baltic Sea at the mouth of the Prośnica River. It is a seaport, seaside resort, and rail junction. A salt-trading center in...

• Kolberg see Kołobrzeg , Poland.

• Koszalin Ger. Köslin, city (1994 est. pop. 110,200), Zachodniopomorskie prov., NW Poland, near the Baltic Sea. Its economy depends on farm products from the surrounding fields, various light industries, and timber...

• Kraków Ger. Krakau, city (1994 est. pop. 751,500), capital of Małopolskie prov., S Poland, on the Vistula. A river port and industrial center, it has varied manufactures including metals, machinery, textiles, and...

• Krolewska Huta see Chorzów , Poland.

• Kulm see Chełmno , Poland.

• Landsberg an der Warthe see Gorzów Wielkopolski , Poland.

• Lausitz see Lusatia.

• Legnica Ger. Liegnitz, city (1992 est. pop. 106,300), Dolnośląskie prov., SW Poland, on the Kaczawa River. A center of a vegetable-growing region, it also has manufactures of metal goods, textiles, and foodstuffs...

• Leszno Ger. Lissa, town (1993 est. pop. 59,500), Wielkopolskie prov., SW Poland. A railway junction, it is a center for metallurgy and light industry. Chartered in 1547, it passed to Prussia in 1793 and again in...

• Liegnitz see Legnica , Poland.

• Lissa see Leszno , Poland.

• Lublin city (1994 est. pop. 352,100), capital of Lubelskie prov., SE Poland. It is a railway junction and industrial center. Manufactures include trucks, agricultural machinery, chemicals, and...

• Lusatia Ger. Lausitz, Pol. Łużyce, region of E Germany and SW Poland. It extends N from the Lusatian Mts., at the Czech border, and W from the Oder River. The hilly and fertile southern section is known as Upper Lusatia, the sandy...

• Maidanek Poland: see Majdanek.

• Majdanek or Maidanek , village, Lubelskie prov., SE Poland, a suburb of Lublin. The Germans established and operated a concentration camp there in World War II. An estimated 170,000 to 360,000 persons of 22...

• Malbork Ger. Marienburg, town (1994 est. pop. 40,100), Pomorskie prov., N Poland, on the Nogat River. It is a rail junction with sugar refineries and dairies. Originally a castle founded (1274) by the Teutonic Knights , Malbork became the seat of their grand master in 1309. It successfully withstood sieges by the Poles in 1410 and 1454, but in 1457 Malbork was sold to Poland by mercenaries whose pay was in...

• Marienburg see Malbork , Poland.

• Masovia see Mazovia.

• Masuria Ger. Masurenland, Pol. Mazury, region, N Poland. It is a low-lying area covered by large lakes and forests and drained by many small rivers. The original population of the region was expelled by the Teutonic Knights and replaced...

• Mazovia or Masovia Pol. Mazowsze, historic region, central Poland. At the death (1138) of Boleslaus III, Mazovia became an independent duchy under the Piast dynasty. It became a suzerainty of Great Poland in 1351 and was finally united with it in 1526. Mazovia passed to Prussia during the 18th-century partitions of Poland and was later a part of the...

• Neufahrwasser see Gdańsk , Poland.

• Nowa Huta see Kraków , Poland.

• Nowy Port see Gdańsk , Poland.

• Nowy Sącz Ger. Neu-Sandez, city (1993 est. pop. 79,700), Małopolskie prov., SE Poland, on the Dunajec. It is a railway junction and an administrative and economic center. There are deposits of lignite and petroleum in the...

• Oświęcim Ger. Auschwitz, town (1992 est. pop. 45,100), Małopolskie prov., SE Poland. It is a railway junction and industrial center producing chemicals, leather, and agricultural implements. There are coal deposits in the...

• Olsztyn Ger. Allenstein, city (1993 est. pop. 165,600), capital of Warmińsko-Mazurskie prov., N Poland. It is a trade, manufacturing, and railroad center, as well as a popular health resort. Founded (1348) by the Teutonic...

• Opole Ger. Oppeln, city (1992 est. pop. 129,000), capital of Opolskie prov., S Poland, on the Oder River. A river port and rail junction, it is also an important trade center, with manufactures of cement, metals, and...

• Oppeln see Opole , Poland.

• Ostrołęka Rus. Ostrolenka, town (1993 est. pop. 52,400), Mazowieckie prov., NE Poland, on the Narew River. It is a railway junction and a manufacturing center where pulp and paper, lumber, and foodstuffs are produced...

• Płock city (1993 est. pop. 126,900), Mazowieckie prov., E central Poland, a port on the Vistula River. Płock is a major oil-refining and petrochemical center. Other industries include food processing...

• Pabianice city (1994 est. pop. 75,900), Łódzkie prov., central Poland, a suburb of Łódź. It has industries producing chemicals, machine tools, and textiles. Founded in the 13th cent., the city passed to...

• Peremyshl see Przemyśl , Poland.

• Petrikau see Piotrków Trybunalski , Poland.

• Petrokov see Piotrków Trybunalski , Poland.

• Piła Ger. Schneidemühl, town (1994 est. pop. 74,000), Wielkopolskie prov., NW Poland, on the Gwdą River. Once the capital of Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia, it is now chiefly a trade and industrial center. It was devastated...

• Piekary Śląskie town (1992 est. pop. 68,400), Śląskie prov., S Poland, in the Katowice mining and industrial region. Its manufactures include mining equipment and metals.

• Piotrków Trybunalski Rus. Petrokov, Ger. Petrikau, city (1991 est. pop. 81,300), Łódzkie prov., central Poland. A textile center, it also manufactures wood and glass products. One of Poland's oldest cities, it was first mentioned in 1217 and became...

• Poland Pol. Polska, officially Republic of Poland, republic (2005 est. pop. 38,635,000), 120,725 sq mi (312,677 sq km), central Europe. It borders on Germany in the west, on the Baltic Sea and the Kaliningrad region...

• Posen see Poznań , Poland.

• Poznań Ger. Posen , city (1994 est. pop. 589,300), capital of Weilkopolskie prov., W central Poland, port on the Warta River. It is an important industrial and railway center and is the site of a major international...

• Przemyśl Ukr. Peremyshl, city (1989 est. pop. 67,000), Podkarpackie prov., extreme SE Poland, on the San River in the Carpathian foothills. It is a trade center and has metalworking, textile, and timber-working industries...

• Racibórz Ger. Ratibor, town (1994 est. pop. 65,300), Śląskie prov., S Poland, on the Oder River. A river port and rail junction, it also has industries producing electrical equipment, chemicals, wood products, and...

• Radom city (1993 est. pop. 230,500), Mazowieckie prov., SE Poland. It is a railway junction and an industrial center. The main products are textiles, glassware, chemicals, and processed food. One of the...

• Ratibor see Racibórz , Poland.

• Reichenbach see Dzierżoniów , Poland.

• Rybnik town (1993 est. pop. 145,400), Śląskie prov., S Poland. It is a railway junction and industrial center with industries manufacturing mining machinery, metal products, and chemicals. There are...

• Rzeszów city (1992 est. pop. 156,000), capital of Podkarpackie prov., SE Poland. It is a railway junction and an important industrial center, whose major industries produce metals, rolling stock,...

• Słupsk Ger. Stolp, city (1993 est. pop. 102,800), Pomorskie prov., NW Poland. It is a rail junction and commercial center with industries manufacturing furniture, footwear, agricultural machinery, and leather goods...

• Sagan see Żagań , Poland.

• Sandomierz Rus. Sandomir, town, Świętokrzyskie prov., SE Poland, on the Vistula. Founded probably before Poland accepted Christianity, Sandomierz became the capital of a duchy in 1139. It was razed by the Tatars in 1241 and...

• Schneidemühl see Piła , Poland.

• Schweidnitz see Świdnica , Poland.

• Siemianowice Śląskie city (1991 est. pop. 80,600), Śląskie prov., S Poland. A center of the Katowice mining and industrial region, it has ironworks and steelworks and coal mines. Manufactures include machinery and...

• Silesia Czech Slezsko, Ger. Schlesien, Pol. Śląsk, region of E central Europe, extending along both banks of the Oder River and bounded in the south by the mountain ranges of the Sudetes—particularly...

• Skierniewice town (1993 est. pop. 44,000), Łódzkie prov., E central Poland. It is a railway junction and manufacturing center where electrical goods, glass, and ceramics are produced. Chartered in 1463, it was...

• Sopot Ger. Zoppot, city (1993 est. pop. 45,400), Pomorskie prov., N Poland, on the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Danzig. A seaside resort and tourist center, it had a fashionable gambling casino before World War II...

• Sosnowiec Ger. Sosnowitz, city (1993 est. pop. 258,500), Śląskie prov., S Poland. A center of the Katowice mining and industrial region, it has coal mines, ironworks, and steelworks and various other heavy industrial...

• Stargard Szczeciński formerly Stargard in Pommern , town (1994 est. pop. 72,000), Zachodniopomorskie prov., NW Poland. It is a rail junction and has metalworking and chemical industries. Chartered in the 13th cent., the town later joined the...

• Stettin see Szczecin , Poland.

• Stolp see Słupsk , Poland.

• Swinemünde see Świnoujście , Poland.

• Szczeciński see Stargard Szczeciński , Poland.

• Szczecin Ger. Stettin, city (1994 est. pop. 414,900), capital of Zachodniopomorskie prov., NW Poland, historical capital of the Prussian province of Pomerania , on the Oder near its influx into the Zalew Szczeciński (Ger. Stettiner Haff ). Poland's largest port complex, Szczecin is also an industrial center with shipyards, ironworks, and industries producing foodstuffs, fertilizers, and synthetic chemicals. Świnoujście (Ger. Swinemünde ) is its outer port. A fortress and the largest Pomeranian town as early as the 12th cent., it was until 1637 the residence of the dukes of Pomerania and was an important member (from the 13th...

• Tannenberg Pol. Stębark, village, Warmińsko-Mazurskie prov., NE Poland, near Olsztyn. Formerly in East Prussia, it was transferred (1945) by the Potsdam Conference to Polish administration. Two important battles were...

• Tarnów city (1993 est. pop. 122,200), Małopolskie prov., SE Poland. It is a railway junction and a center for the manufacture of chemicals, textiles, machinery, and processed food. Settled by the 12th...

• Tarnowskie Góry town (1993 est. pop. 77,700), Śląskie prov., S Poland. It is an industrial center where metal goods, mining and railway equipment, and cement are produced. Nearby are coal, zinc, and lead mines...

• Tczew Ger. Dirschau, town (1992 est. pop. 60,000), Pomorskie prov., N Poland, a port on the Vistula River. It is a rail junction, with railroad workshops and shipyards located there. Chartered in 1260, Tczew became...

• Thorn see Toruń , Poland.

• Tomaszów Mazowiecki city (1992 est. pop. 70,000), E central Poland. It is a railroad junction and has industries manufacturing synthetic textiles and fibers, carpets, and leather goods. In the city is a 19th-century...

• Toruń Ger. Thorn, city (1993 est. pop. 201,700), capital (with Bydgoszcz) of Kujawsko-Pomorskie prov., N central Poland, on the Vistula River. It is a river port and a railway junction. The major industries produce...

• Treblinka see concentration camp.

• Vlotslavsk see Włocławek , Poland.

• Włocławek Rus. Vlotslavsk, city (1994 est. pop. 123,000), Kujawsko-Pomorskie prov., central Poland, a port on the Vistula (Wisła) River. It is an agricultural market center and has industries producing cellulose, paper,...

• Wałbrzych Ger. Waldenburg, city (1992 est. pop. 141,300), Dolnośląskie prov., SW Poland. Coal mining, chemical production, metallurgy, and textile milling are the chief economic activity. The city's importance dates from the...

• Waldenburg see Wałbrzych , Poland.

• Warmia see Ermeland , Poland.

• Warsaw Pol. Warszawa, city (1993 est. pop. 1,655,700), capital of Poland and of Mazowieckie prov., central Poland, on both banks of the Vistula River. It is a political, cultural, and industrial center, a major...

• Warszawa see Warsaw , Poland.

• Wolin or Wollin , island, 95 sq mi (246 sq km), off the coast of Pomerania, in the Baltic Sea, and belonging to Poland. Wolin is separated from the mainland by the Zalew Szczeciński (Stettiner Haff). It is...

• Wrocław Ger. Breslau, city (1993 est. pop. 644,000), capital of Dolnośląskie prov., SW Poland, on the Oder (Odra) River. A railway center and river port, the city is also an industrial center with manufactures of heavy...

• Zabrze Ger. Hindenburg, city (1992 est. pop. 202,800), Śląskie prov., S Poland. It is a railway junction in the Katowice mining and industrial region. Local coal deposits form the basis of Zabrze's coke and chemical industries. Founded in the 13th cent., Zabrze passed to Prussia in 1742. The city was renamed in 1915...

• Zakopane town (1992 est. pop. 28,600), Małopolskie prov., S Poland, at the foot of the Tatra Mts. A leading health resort and winter sports center, Zakopane was the site of the world skiing championship...

• Zamość Rus. Zamostye, town (1993 pop. 63,500),Lubelskie prov., SE Poland, on the Łabuńką River. It is a commercial center, trading mainly in agricultural products. The town's chief industries are meat processing and the...

• Zawiercie city (1992 est. pop. 56,000), Śląskie prov., S Poland, on the Warta River. Its industries produce metals, glass, machinery, chemicals, and apparel. Lignite and iron ore are mined nearby. Zawiercie...

• Zgierz city (1991 est. pop. 59,300), Łódzkie prov., E central Poland. A textile center, it also manufactures chemicals, textile machinery, and metals. Chartered about 1300, Zgierz grew after the textile...

• Zielona Góra Ger. Grünberg, city (1993 est. pop. 115,100), capital (with Gorzów) of Lubuskie prov., W Poland. It is a railroad junction and has lignite mines. Famous for its wines, the city also produces textiles, metals, and...

• Zoppot see Sopot , Poland.