Documents for "Turkey Political Geography":

• Şanluurfa formerly Urfa , city (1990 pop. 278,516), capital of Şanluurfa prov., SE Turkey. It is the trade center for a productive agricultural region and one of the most rapidly growing cities in Turkey due to its...

• Çanakkale or Chanakkale , city (1990 pop. 53,887), capital of Çanakkale prov., NW Turkey, on the Asian shore of the Dardanelles. It is famous for its fine pottery and has an important fish-canning industry. The city has...

• Çorum city (1991 est. pop. 116,260), capital of Çorum prov., N central Turkey. It is the trade center for a farm region where grains, fruits, sheep, and goats are raised. The city's manufactures include...

• Üsküdar or Scutari , urban district, part of Istanbul, Turkey, on the Asian side of the Bosporus. It is a commercial and industrial center. Known as Chrysopolis in ancient times, it enjoyed its greatest prosperity...

• Adalia Turkey: see Antalya.

• Adana city (1990 pop. 931,555), capital of Adana prov., S Turkey, on the Seyhan River. The fourth largest city in Turkey, it is the commercial center of a farm region where cotton, grains, and fruits...

• Adapazari city (1990 pop. 174,400), capital of Adapazari prov., NW Turkey, on the Sakarya River. It is the trade center for an agricultural region producing tobacco, sugar beets, and grains. Its...

• Adrianople Turkey: see Edirne.

• Afyonkarahisar [Turk.,=black castle of opium], city (1990 pop. 95,643), capital of Afyonkarahisar prov., W central Turkey, at an elevation of c.3,500 ft (1,070 m). It is the commercial center of a region where...

• Aintab Turkey: see Gaziantep.

• Akhisar city (1990 pop. 74,002), W Turkey. It is in a region where tobacco, cotton, and grapes are grown. The city is noted for its rugs. It is the biblical Thyatira.

• Alaşehir town (1990 pop. 36,649), W Turkey, at the foot of the Tmolus Mts. (Boz Dağ). It is the trade center for a region where tobacco, fruit, and mineral water are produced. The town is picturesque, with...

• Alexandretta Turkey: see Iskenderun.

• Alexandretta, sanjak of see Hatay , Turkey.

• Anatolia [Gr.,=sunrise], Asian part of Turkey, usually synonymous with Asia Minor.

• Angora Turkey: see Ankara.

• Ankara city (1990 pop. 2,533,209), capital of Turkey and Ankara prov., W central Turkey, at an elevation of c.3,000 ft (910 m). Turkey's largest city after Istanbul , Ankara is primarily an administrative city, but it is also an important commercial, industrial, and cultural center. Grains, vegetables, and fruit are grown nearby. Manufactures include food...

• Antalya city (1990 pop. 378,726), capital of Antalya prov., SW Turkey, a port on the Mediterranean Sea. Its manufactures include textiles and ships. Nearby are deposits of chrome and manganese. Founded in...

• Attaleia or Attalia, Turkey: see Antalya.

• Aydin city (1990 pop. 106,603), capital of Aydin prov., W Turkey, on the Büyük Menderes River. It is the trade center for a farm region where olives, figs, cotton, and tobacco are grown. The city was...

• Balikesir city (1990 pop. 171,967), capital of Balikesir prov., NW Turkey. It is a rail junction and the center of a fertile agricultural region.

• Bisanthe see Tekirdağ.

• Bitlis city (1990 pop. 38,130), capital of Bitlis prov., E Turkey, on a tributary of the Tigris River, at c.4,500 ft (1,370 m). Grains, fruit, and tobacco are grown nearby. It was an important caravan...

• Bodrum town (1990 pop. 20,931), Muğla prov., SW Turkey, on the Aegean Sea. It was built on the ruins of the ancient city of Halicarnassus during the early 15th cent. A popular tourist resort, the town's...

• Brusa Turkey: see Bursa.

• Bursa city (1990 pop. 838,323), capital of Bursa prov., NW Turkey. The market center of a rich agricultural region, on the ancient Silk Road S of Constantinople, Bursa was long noted for its silks, but...

• Cabira see Sivas.

• Chanakkale Turkey: see Çanakkale.

• Denizli city (1990 pop. 203,130), capital of Denizli prov., W Turkey. Picturesquely situated, it is an agricultural market center and the gateway for excursions by tourists to the nearby ruins of Laodicea...

• Diyarbakir anc. Amida, city (1990 pop. 375,767), capital of Diyarbakir prov., SE Turkey, on the Tigris (Dicle) River. It is the trade center for a region producing grains, melons, cotton, copper ore, and petroleum...

• Edirne formerly Adrianople , city (1990 pop. 102,325), capital of Edirne prov., NW Turkey, in Thrace. It is the commercial center for a farm region where grains, fruits, and tobacco are grown and cattle and sheep are raised...

• Erzerum Turkey: see Erzurum.

• Erzurum or Erzerum , city (1990 pop. 241,344), capital of Erzurum prov., E Turkey. It is an agricultural trade center and a railroad center. Agricultural products include sugar beets, wheat, barley, and vegetables...

• Eskişehir city (1990 pop. 413,305), capital of Eskişehir prov., W central Turkey. An important industrial center, its manufactures include refined sugar, cement, railroad equipment, textiles, chemicals, and...

• Gökçeada Imroz or Imbros , island (1990 pop. 7,948), 108 sq mi (280 sq km), NW Turkey, in the Aegean Sea, near the entrance to the Dardanelles. Grain and beans are grown there. The majority of the population...

• Galata see Istanbul.

• Gallipoli or Gelibolu , city (1990 pop. 18,670), W Turkey, a port at the east end of the Dardanelles , near the neck of the Gallipoli Peninsula. It has long been a strategic point in the defense of Istanbul...

• Gaziantep formerly Aintab , city (1990 pop. 627,584), capital of Gaziantep prov., S Turkey. Gaziantep is an important trading and manufacturing center known for its textiles, pistachio nuts, copperware, and furniture inlaid...

• Gelibolu Turkey: see Gallipoli.

• Giresun city (1990 pop. 67,536), capital of Giresun prov., NE Turkey, a port on the Black Sea. It is the trade center for a farm region in which corn, filberts, beans, and potatoes are produced. Known as...

• Hasköy see Istanbul.

• Hatay formerly sanjak of Alexandretta, province (1990 pop. 1,002,252), 2,141 sq mi (5,545 sq km), S Turkey, including the cities of Antioch (now Antakya) and Alexandretta (now Iskenderun). Iron is mined and Hatay is a transportation...

• Içel Turkey: see Mersin.

• Imroz Turkey: see Gökçeada.

• Iskenderun formerly Alexandretta , city (1990 pop. 156,198), S Turkey, on the Gulf of Alexandretta, an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea. The principal Turkish port on the Mediterranean, it has a large steel plant and is the terminus...

• Isparta city (1990 pop. 111,706), capital of Isparta prov., W central Turkey. It is a manufacturing center producing cotton, carpets, and attar of roses. A picturesque city, it was severely damaged by an...

• Istanbul city (1990 pop. 6,748,435), capital of Istanbul prov., NW Turkey, on both sides of the Bosporus at its entrance into the Sea of Marmara. Its name was officially changed from Constantinople to...

• Izmir formerly Smyrna , city (1990 pop. 1,762,849), capital of Izmir prov., W Turkey, on the Gulf of Izmir, an arm of the Aegean Sea. The largest Turkish seaport after Istanbul, its exports include cotton, tobacco,...

• Izmit or Kocaeli , city (1990 pop. 254,768), capital of Kocaeli prov., NW Turkey, on the Bay of Izmit, at the eastern end of the Sea of Marmara. A port, it is the center of a rich tobacco- and olive-growing region...

• Kütahya city (1990 pop. 131,286), capital of Kütahya prov., W central Turkey. An agricultural market center producing sugar beets, fruit, and cotton. Iron, lignite, mercury, and chromium are mined nearby...

• Kahramanmaraş formerly Maraş , city (1990 pop. 229,066), S Turkey. The city lies on a fertile plain at the foot of the Taurus Mts. A center for light industry and trade, spices, olive oil, and handicrafts are the chief...

• Kaisaria Turkey: see Kayseri.

• Karabük city (1990 pop. 104,869), N Turkey. It was built in the 1930s as the seat of the iron and steel industry of Turkey. Nearby are the Zonguldak coal fields.

• Karaman town (1990 pop. 76,682), S central Turkey, at the northern foot of the Taurus Mts. The ancient Laranda, Karaman was renamed after the chieftain of a Turkic tribe who conquered the city c.1250 and...

• Kars city (1990 pop. 79,496), capital of Kars prov., E Turkey, in Armenia, on the Kars River. Its manufactures include textiles, carpets, and food products. An old fortified city, well situated in the...

• Kastamonu city (1990 pop. 52,363), capital of Kastamonu prov., N Turkey. It is a manufacturing center, noted for its textiles and copper utensils, and is the chief city of a region rich in minerals...

• Kayseri city (1990 pop. 416,276), capital of Kayseri prov., central Turkey, at the foot of Mt. Erciyas. It is an important commercial center and has textile mills, sugar refineries, and cement factories...

• Kirşehir city (1990 pop. 74,546), capital of Kirşehir prov., central Turkey. It is noted for its carpets. Grains are grown nearby.

• Kirklareli city (1990 pop. 43,017), capital of Kirklareli prov., NW Turkey. It is a transportation hub and a trade center for butter and cheese. During the First Balkan War the Bulgarians defeated (1912) the...

• Konya city (1990 pop. 509,208), capital of Konya prov., S central Turkey. It is the trade center of a rich agricultural and livestock-raising region. Manufactures include cement, carpets, and leather,...

• Malatya city (1990 pop. 276,666), capital of Malatya prov., E central Turkey, in the E Taurus Mts. It is the commercial center for a rich farm region that produces apricots, grapes, and grains...

• Manisa city (1990 pop. 158,283), capital of Manisa prov., W Turkey. It is a rail junction and the market center of a rich agricultural region. Mineral deposits are nearby. The city has many fine...

• Maraş see Kahramanmaraş , Turkey.

• Melitene see Malatya.

• Mersin formerly Içel , city (1990 pop. 420,750), capital of Içel prov., S Turkey, on the Mediterranean Sea. A rail terminus and modern seaport, it exports cotton, petroleum products, chrome, copper, and agricultural...

• Muş city (1990 pop. 44,019), capital of Muş prov., E Turkey. It is in a region with many vineyards. Founded c.400 BC, it was an important town of Armenia. Called Tarun by the Arabs, Muş was captured...

• Nisibin Turkey: see Nusaybin.

• Nusaybin or Nisibin , town (1990 pop. 50,605), SE Turkey, near the Syrian border. It is a commercial and transportation center. It has ruins of the ancient Nisibis, the residence of early (2d cent. BC-1st cent. AD)...

• Ordu city (1990 pop. 101,306), capital of Ordu prov., N Turkey, a port on the Black Sea. Copper, zinc, and iron are exported. It is the site of Cotyora, founded by Greek colonists, c.500 BC

• Orestia Turkey: see Edirne.

• Prusa see Bursa.

• Rodosto see Tekirdağ.

• Samsun city (1990 pop. 301,412), capital of Samsun prov., N Turkey, on the Black Sea. The most important Turkish port on the Black Sea, it is also a major tobacco-processing center and an agricultural...

• Scutari Turkey: see Üsküdar.

• Sebaste or Sebastia: see Sivas.

• Sinop anc. Sinope, town (1990 pop. 25,537), capital of Sinop prov., N Turkey, on the Black Sea. A small port, it has an excellent harbor but lacks adequate communications with the interior of Turkey. Ancient Sinop...

• Sivas city (1990 pop. 219,122), capital of Sivas prov., central Turkey, on the Kizil Irmak. An important trade and manufacturing center, it has cement, textile, and rug factories. Iron ore is mined...

• Smyrna see Izmir.

• Stambul see Istanbul , Turkey.

• Tarsus city (1990 pop. 191,333), S Turkey, in Cilicia, on the Tarsus (anc. Cydnus) River, near the Mediterranean Sea. It is an agricultural trade center; copper, zinc, chromium, and coal are mined in the...

• Tekirdağ city (1990 pop. 80,207), capital of Tekirdağ prov., NW Turkey, on the Sea of Marmara. It is a small port and an agricultural trade center. It was known in ancient times as Bisanthe and as...

• Theodosiopolis see Erzurum.

• Tirebolu anc. Tripolis, town, N Turkey, a port on the Black Sea. Its exports include copper, manganese, and zinc. The remains of a Byzantine fortress are there.

• Tokat city (1990 pop. 83,174), capital of Tokat prov., N central Turkey. It is an agricultural market with copper manufactures. An important town in Roman times, it declined under the Byzantines but...

• Trabzon or Trebizond , city (1990 pop. 144,805), capital of Trabzon prov., NE Turkey, a port on the Black Sea. A commercial and transportation center with renovated port facilities, it exports food products and tobacco...

• Trapezus see Trabzon.

• Trebizond Turkey: see Trabzon.

• Turkey Turk. Türkiye , officially Republic of Turkey, republic (2005 est. pop. 69,661,000), 301,380 sq mi (780,574 sq km), SW Asia and SE Europe. It borders on Iraq (SE), Syria and the Mediterranean Sea (S), the Aegean...

• Urfa see Şanluurfa , Turkey.

• Van city (1990 pop. 153,525), capital of Van prov., E Turkey, near the eastern shore of Lake Van, at an altitude of 5,659 ft (1,725 m). It is the trade center for a fruit- and grain-growing region...

• Zonguldak city (1990 pop. 120,300), capital of Zonguldak prov., N Turkey, a port on the Black Sea. It is the center of the major coal-producing region of Turkey.