Documents for "Malaysia and Singapore Political Geography":

• Alor Setar or Alor Star , city (1991 pop. 165,113), capital of Kedah, Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, on the Kedah River. It is a major center for trade in rice and rubber. The residence of the Sultan of Kedah is in the...

• Bandar Seri Begawan city (1991 est. pop. 46,229), capital and chief port of the sultanate of Brunei, of which it is also the business and commercial center. Its manufactures include furniture, textiles, handicrafts,...

• Brunei or Brunei Darussalam , officially State of Brunei Darussalam, sultanate (2005 est. pop. 372,400), 2,226 sq mi (5,765 sq km), NW Borneo, on the South China Sea. Its two sections, separated by Brunei Bay, are surrounded by Sarawak , Malaysia. The capital and major port of Brunei is Bandar Seri Begawan (formerly Brunei; 1991 est. pop. 46,229). The mountains in the nation's east give way to a flat coastal plain; western Brunei consists of hilly lowlands. The tropical climate is typically hot and...

• East Malaysia see Malaysia.

• Federation of Malaysia see Malaysia.

• Ipoh city (1991 pop. 468,765), capital of Perak state, Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, in the Kinta River valley. A modern commercial town, it is a major tin-mining center. Nearby are rubber...

• Jesselton see Kota Kinabalu , Malaysia.

• Johor or Johore , state (1991 pop. 2,074,297), 7,360 sq mi (19,062 sq km), at the southern extremity of the Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, opposite Singapore. It is largely covered with rain forests and swamps. The...

• Johor Baru or Johor Baharu , city (1991 pop. 561,071), capital of Johor , Malaysia, S Malay Peninsula, opposite Singapore. The city is connected with Singapore by a stone causeway across the narrow Johore Strait. It is a trade center for rubber and tropical produce. The...

• Kangar town (1991 pop. 48,948), capital of Perlis state, Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, on the Perlis River. It is a port and the center of a rice-growing region.

• Kedah state (1991 pop. 1,304,800), 3,660 sq mi (9,479 sq km), central Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, on the Strait of Malacca. It is bordered on the N and NE by Thailand. The capital and chief city is Alor Setar ; Sungai Patani is an important town. Along the coast are wide alluvial plains where rice is grown. S Kedah has rubber plantations, and tin is mined in the hills of the interior. Generally level,...

• Kelantan state (1991 pop. 1,207,684), 5,780 sq mi (14,970 sq km), central Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, on the South China Sea. It is bordered on the N by Thailand. The capital is Kota Baru. It is drained by the Kelantan River (c.150 mi/240 km long), which flows into the South China Sea. Rice, the most important commercial crop, is grown on the wide coastal plains; other products are...

• Kota Baru or Kota Baharu , city (1990 est. pop. 215,000), capital of Kelantan state, Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, on the South China Sea at the mouth of the Kelantan River. It has an important power station. It was...

• Kota Kinabalu formerly Jesselton, town (1991 pop. 160,122), capital of Sabah, Malaysia, in N Borneo and on a small inlet of the South China Sea. It is the chief port of the state and is connected by road and rail with the interior...

• Kuala Lumpur city (1990 est. pop. 1,750,000), capital of Malaysia, S Malay Peninsula, at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers, within the Federal Territory. Malaysia's chief inland city, Kuala Lumpur...

• Kuala Terengganu or Kuala Trengganu , city (1991 pop. 228,659), capital of Terengganu state, Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, on the South China Sea at the mouth of the Terengganu River. It is a port and has a weaving industry. The...

• Kuching city (1991 pop. 277,346), capital of Sarawak, Malaysia, in W Borneo and on the Sarawak River. It is the largest city in the state and a river port. Sago flour and pepper are exported. It was...

• Labuan island (1991 pop. 54,307), 38 sq mi (98 sq km), a federal territory of Malaysia, off Sabah, N Borneo, in the South China Sea. Coconuts, rubber, and rice are the main products. Victoria, the chief...

• Malacca see Melaka , Malaysia.

• Malay Peninsula southern extremity (c.70,000 sq mi/181,300 sq km) of the continent of Asia, lying between the Andaman Sea of the Indian Ocean and the Strait of Malacca on the west and the Gulf of Thailand and the...

• Malay States see Malaysia.

• Malaya see Malaysia.

• Malaysia independent federation (2005 est. pop. 23,953,000), 128,430 sq mi (332,633 sq km), Southeast Asia. The official capital and by far the largest city is Kuala Lumpur ; Putrajaya is the adminstrative...

• Melaka or Malacca , state (1991 pop. 504,502), 640 sq mi (1,658 sq km), Malaysia, S Malay Peninsula, on the Strait of Malacca. Formerly one of the Straits Settlements , it was constituted a state of Malaya in 1957 (see Malaysia ). Nearly half the population are Malay; about two fifths are Chinese. The capital, on the strait, is the historic city of Melaka or Malacca (1991 pop. 112,873). Until the 17th cent., Malacca was one of the leading commercial centers of SE Asia. It was founded c.1400 by a Malay prince who had been driven from Singapore after a brief...

• Negeri Sembilan or Negri Sembilan , state (1991 pop. 691,150), 2,564 sq mi (6,641 sq km), Malaysia, S Malay Peninsula, on the Strait of Malacca. The capital is Seremban. Its principal rivers are the Linggi on the west and the Muar on the east. Rubber and rice are grown and exported; tin is mined and also exported. More than half the inhabitants are non-Malays...

• North Borneo or British North Borneo: see Sabah , Malaysia.

• Pahang state (1991 pop. 1,081,148), 13,920 sq mi (36,053 sq km), Malaysia, S Malay Peninsula, on the South China Sea. It is the largest state of West Malaysia. The capital is Kuala Lipis. The region is...

• Penang see Pinang , Malaysia.

• Perak state (1991 pop. 1,880,016), 8,030 sq mi (20,798 sq km), Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, on the Strait of Malacca. Perak is bordered on the N by Thailand. The capital is Ipoh ; Taiping is also important. The state is drained by the Perak River (c.200 mi/320 km long), which empties into the Strait of Malacca. In Perak, one of the most populous states of the federation, is the...

• Perlis state (1991 pop. 184,070), 310 sq mi (803 sq km), Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, on the Andaman Sea. The smallest of the states of Malaysia, it is bordered on the N and E by Thailand and on...

• Pinang or Penang , state (1991 pop. 1,065,075), c.400 sq mi (1,040 sq km), Malaysia, on the Strait of Malacca. It consists of Pulau Pinang (an island of 108 sq mi/280 sq km), formerly known as Georgetown; and...

• Province Wellesley see Pinang , Malaysia.

• Putrajaya administrative capital of Malaysia and federal territory, 111,313 acres (4,580 hectares), S Malay Peninsula. Construction on the planned city located 25 mi (40 km) south of Kuala Lumpur was begun in the mid-1990s. In 1999 government offices, including that of the prime minister, began moving to new capital, which is marked by modern domed buildings and landscaped gardens...

• Sabah state (1991 pop. 1,736,902), 28,417 sq mi (73,600 sq km), Malaysia, N Borneo, on the South China and Sulu seas. It is bordered on the south by Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo). The capital is Kota Kinabalu ; other significant towns are Sandakan and Victoria. The terrain is densely forested and mountainous; Mt. Kinabalu, Malaysia's highest peak, is 13,455 ft (4,101 m) high. Forest products, petroleum, rubber, and copra are exported...

• Sandakan city (1991 pop. 157,180), Sabah, Malaysia, on N Borneo, on Sandakan Harbor, an inlet of the Sulu Sea. It is the trade hub for an agricultural and lumbering region. Sandakan was the capital of...

• Sarawak state (1991 pop. 1,648,217), 48,342 sq mi (125,206 sq km), Malaysia, in NW Borneo and on the South China Sea. It is bordered on the NE by the states of Brunei and Sabah and on the S and W by...

• Selangor state (1991 pop. 2,289,236), 3,150 sq mi (8,159 sq km), Malaysia, S Malay Peninsula, on the Strait of Malacca. Shah Alam is the capital, and Port Kelang (formerly Port Swettenham) is the chief...

• Serawak see Sarawak , Malaysia.

• Seremban city (1991 pop. 193,009), capital of Negeri Sembilan , Malaysia, S Malay Peninsula, on the Linggi River. It is linked by rail with Port Dickson on the Strait of Malacca. Seremban is the commercial center of a rubber-growing area. There are tin mines...

• Singapore officially Republic of Singapore, republic (2005 est. pop. 4,426,000), 240 sq mi (625 sq km). It consists of the island of Singapore (210 sq mi/544 sq km) and about 60 small adjacent islands at...

• Taiping city (1991 pop. 186,791), Perak, Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula. Once the leading tin-mining center of Malaya, it has been supplanted by the Kinta Valley. The city is picturesquely situated at...

• Terengganu or Trengganu , state (1991 pop. 808,556), c.5,000 sq mi (12,950 sq km), Malaysia, central Malay Peninsula, on the South China Sea. The capital is Kuala Terengganu. Rice, coconuts, and rubber are grown, and fish are caught. The population is mainly Malay. Before the 19th cent. Terengganu was the vassal state of the powers that in turn dominated the Malay...

• Unfederated Malay States see Malaysia.

• West Malaysia see Malaysia.