Categories:
-
Earth and the Environment
-
Atmosphere and Weather
-
Biographies
-
Ecology and Environmentalism
-
Geography
-
Geology and Oceanography
-
Minerals, Mining, and Metallurgy
-
History
-
Ancient Greece and Rome
-
Asia and Africa
-
Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific
-
Biographies
-
Historians and Chronicles
-
Latin America and the Caribbean
-
Modern Europe
-
United States and Canada
-
Literature and the Arts
-
Art and Architecture
-
Biographies
-
Classical Literature, Mythology, and Folklore
-
Fashion, Design, and Crafts
-
Journalism and Publishing
-
Language, Linguistics, and Literary Terms
-
Literature in English
-
Literature in Other Modern Languages
-
Performing Arts
-
Scholars and Historians
-
Medicine
-
Anatomy and Physiology
-
Biographies
-
Diseases and Conditions
-
Divisions, Diagnostics, and Procedures
-
Drugs
-
Psychology
-
People
-
History
-
Literature and the Arts
-
Medicine
-
Philosophy and Religion
-
Science and Technology
-
Social Sciences and the Law
-
Sports and Games
-
Philosophy and Religion
-
Ancient Religions
-
Biographies
-
Christianity
-
Eastern Religions
-
Islam
-
Judaism
-
Other Religious Beliefs and General Terms
-
Philosophy
-
The Bible
-
Places
-
Africa
-
Asia
-
Australia and Oceania
-
Britain, Ireland, France, and the Low Countries
-
Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic Nations
-
Germany, Scandinavia, and Central Europe
-
Latin America and the Caribbean
-
Oceans, Continents, and Polar Regions
-
Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and the Balkans
-
United States and Canada
-
Plants and Animals
-
Agriculture and Horticulture
-
Animals
-
Biographies
-
Botany
-
Microbes, Algae, and Fungi
-
Plants
-
Zoology and Veterinary Medicine
-
Science and Technology
-
Astronomy and Space Exploration
-
Biochemistry
-
Biographies
-
Biology and Genetics
-
Chemistry
-
Computers and Electrical Engineering
-
Mathematics
-
Physics
-
Technology
-
Social Sciences and the Law
-
Anthropology and Archaeology
-
Biographies
-
Economics, Business, and Labor
-
Education
-
Law
-
Political Science and Government
-
Sociology and Social Reform
-
Sports and Everyday Life
-
Biographies
-
Crafts and Household Items
-
Days and Holidays
-
Fashion and Clothing
-
Food and Drink
-
Games
-
Manners and Customs
-
Social Organizations
-
Sports
Documents for "Romanian History: Biographies":
-
Antonescu, Ion
1882-1946, Romanian marshal and dictator. He served in World War I and later became chief of staff, but he fell into disfavor with King Carol II because of his pro-Nazi attitude and his suspected intrigues with the Iron Guard. In World War II, on Sept. 4-5, 1940, Carol, threatened with revolution and German intervention, appointed Antonescu premier with dictatorial powers. On Sept. 6, Antonescu forced the king to...
-
Averescu, Alexander
1859-1938, Romanian general and political leader. He served as a volunteer in the 1877-78 war against the Ottoman Empire and rose to become minister of war in 1907. He distinguished himself as a...
-
Bibescu
or Bibesco , Romanian noble family. A prominent member was George Bibescu, 1804-73, prince of Walachia (1842-48). The first to be elected to his post, he effected important financial reforms but was driven from the county in the Revolution of 1848. His brother Barbu Bibescu, 1799-1869, was adopted by Prince Stirbei, a Romanian magnate, whose name he later assumed. He served as minister of the interior and subsequently was appointed hospodar [governor] of Walachia for a...
-
Brancovan, Constantine
1654-1714, prince of Walachia (1688-1714). A skillful politician who secured domestic peace, he furthered Walachia's economic and cultural development. Under his rule, the "Brancovan" artistic style...
-
Bratianu
or Bratiano , Romanian family. Ion Bratianu, 1821-91, was prominent in the Revolution of 1848 and helped to secure (1866) the election of Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ( Carol I of Romania) to the throne. Bratianu headed (1876-88, except for Apr.-June, 1881) a ministry that declared (1878) the full independence of Romania from the Ottoman Empire, which was secured in the...
-
Cantacuzene
or Cantacuzino , noble Romanian family of Greek origin, tracing its descent from the Byzantine emperor John VI (John Cantacuzene). Under Ottoman rule members of the family were among the Phanariots (see under Phanar ) who governed Walachia and Moldavia. By the mid-17th cent., part of the family had settled in Walachia. A Russian branch of the family held high positions in the army and as governors of Bessarabia. Serban Cantacuzene, 1640-88, hospodar [governor] of Walachia (1678-88), took part in the Ottoman siege of Vienna (1683), outwardly on the side of the Ottomans but in reality supplying intelligence information to the...
-
Carol I
1839-1914, prince (1866-81) and first king (1881-1914) of Romania, of the house of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He is also called Charles I. A Prussian officer, he was elected to succeed the deposed...
-
Carol II
1893-1953, king of Romania, son of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie. While crown prince, he contracted a morganatic marriage with Zizi Labrino but divorced her to marry (1921) Princess Helen of Greece. He soon formed a liaison with Magda Lupescu , with whom he lived in Paris after being forced (1925) to renounce his right of succession. On the death (1927) of King Ferdinand, Carol's son Michael became king, but Carol, having divorced Queen Helen in 1928, returned to Romania in 1930, supplanted his son, and had himself proclaimed king de jure since 1927. A turbulent period began (see Romania ). In 1938, Carol formed a royal dictatorship. A contest between the king and the fascist Iron Guard ensued, with assassinations and massacres on both sides. Forced to call on Ion Antonescu to form a government (1940), Carol was deposed and fled abroad with Lupescu, whom he finally married in Brazil in 1947. Michael once more became king. Carol died in Portugal, but his remains were...
-
Catargiu, Lascar
1823-99, Romanian statesman, of an ancient Walachian family. Unsuccessful as Conservative candidate (1859) against Alexander John Cuza for the rule of Moldavia, he became leader of the...
-
Ceauşescu, Nicolae
1918-89, Romanian statesman. The son of a peasant, he early became active in the Romanian Communist movement and was arrested as a revolutionary; he spent the late 1930s and early 40s in prison,...
-
Charles I
and Charles II, kings of Romania: see Carol I and Carol II.
-
Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea
1899-1938, Romanian political leader and anti-Semitic terrorist. Active in the Romanian student movement against leftists and liberals, he founded (1927) and led the militant, fascist Iron Guard until his conviction for treason in 1938. He shot and killed the prefect of Iaşi in 1924 and instigated the murder of Premier Ion Duca in 1933. Both times he was acquitted. Shortly after his...
-
Cuza, Alexander John
or Alexander John I, 1820-73, first prince of Romania (1859-66), b. Moldavia. An officer who participated in the 1848 revolution and in the political struggle for the union of the principalities, he was elected prince...
-
Elizabeth
1843-1916, queen of Romania, consort of King Carol I , whom she married in 1869. Of German birth, she was the daughter of Hermann, prince of Wied. She completely identified herself with her adopted people and devoted herself to their cultural...
-
Ferdinand
1865-1927, king of Romania (1914-27), nephew of Carol I. The second son of the Prussian prince, Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, he was designated successor to the heirless Carol I in 1880. In 1893 he married Marie , daughter of Alfred, duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (and granddaughter of Queen Victoria and Czar Alexander II.) Although related to the German imperial family, Ferdinand took Romania...
-
Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe
1901-65, Romanian Communist leader, b. Moldavia. He joined the Communist party in 1930 and while in prison (1933-44) was elected (1936) to the central committee. Escaping in 1944, he became a...
-
Iorga, Nicolae
1871-1940, Romanian historian and statesman. A professor at the Univ. of Bucharest, he founded (1910) and later led the National Democratic party; after World War I he was president of the...
-
Lupescu, Magda
1896?-1977, wife of Carol II of Romania. Her given name was Elena. Carol renounced (1925) his succession to the throne for her, but after becoming king (1930) he installed her as his official mistress. She was accused of...
-
Maniu, Iuliu
1873-1951, Romanian politician, head of the Romanian National Peasants' party. Born in Transylvania, he helped to organize the Romanian national movement there before and during World War I. In...
-
Marie
1875-1938, queen of Romania, consort of Ferdinand. The daughter of Alfred, duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, she was the granddaughter of Czar Alexander II of Russia and of Queen Victoria of England. Marie was instrumental in bringing...
-
Maurer, Ion Gheorghe
1902-2000, Romanian statesman. A lawyer, he defended Romanian Communists in the 1930s and later became (1945) a member of the central committee of the Communist party. In the postwar decades he...
-
Michael
1921-, king of Romania (1927-30, 1940-47). His father, Prince Carol (later Carol II ), renounced his right of succession in 1925, and young Michael ascended the throne under a regency on the death of Ferdinand. However, in 1930 his father returned to be recognized as king. When...
-
Michael the Brave
d. 1601, prince of Walachia (1593-1601), of Transylvania (1599-1600), and of Moldavia (1600). Michael was one of Romania's greatest medieval rulers, as well as a celebrated military commander...
-
Rosetti, Constantin
1816-85, Romanian statesman, b. Bucharest. A radical editor, he took part in the Revolution of 1848 and subsequently fled to Paris, where he published a review favoring the establishment of a...
-
Stephen the Great
d.1504, prince of Moldavia (1457-1504). A great military and political leader, Stephen consolidated princely authority, furthered economic prosperity, and reorganized the army, thus creating a...
-
Sturza, Dimitrie A.
1833-1914, Romanian statesman, of a prominent Moldavian family. With Ion Bratianu and Constantin Rosetti he helped bring about the abdication of Prince Alexander John Cuza in 1886 and established Carol I as his successor. After Bratianu's death (1891), Sturza was the recognized head of the National-Liberal party. Between 1895 and 1909, he was often premier of Romania...
-
Titulescu, Nicholas
1882?-1941, Romanian statesman. A professor of law at Bucharest Univ., he was finance minister (1917, 1920-21) and served as foreign minister from 1927 to 1928 and from 1932 to 1936. Titulescu was...
-
Vaida-Voevod, Alexander
1871-1950, Romanian statesman, b. Transylvania. He was (1906-18) a member of the Hungarian parliament, in which he advocated the cause of the Romanians in Transylvania. In 1918, on the collapse of...
-
Vlad IV
1431?-1476, prince of Walachia (1448, 1456-62, 1476), known as Vlad the Impaler. He was the son of Prince Vlad Dracul (Vlad the Devil) and is therefore also called Dracula or son of the Devil. Vlad...
|
|