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Documents for "Modern Greek History: Biographies":
  • Botsaris, Markos c.1788-1823, Greek patriot. Exiled from his native Epirus in 1803, he joined Ali Pasha in 1820 and later was prominent in the Greek War of Independence, notably in the defense of Mesolóngion (1822-23) and at Karpenísion, where he defeated the Turks with a handful of men but died in...
  • Bozzaris, Marcos c.1788-1823, Greek patriot. Exiled from his native Epirus in 1803, he joined Ali Pasha in 1820 and later was prominent in the Greek War of Independence, notably in the defense of Mesolóngion (1822-23) and at Karpenísion, where he defeated the Turks with a handful of men but died in...
  • Capo d'Istria, Giovanni Antonio, Count Gr. Joannes Antonios Capodistrias or Kapodistrias, 1776-1831, Greek and Russian statesman, b. Corfu. After administrative work in the Ionian Islands he entered (1809) Russian service and was until 1822 a close adviser in foreign affairs to Czar...
  • Church, Sir Richard 1784-1873, British army officer. After varied service, he organized a Greek regiment to defend (1812-15) the Ionian Islands, and in 1827 he was made generalissimo of the Greek insurgents in the...
  • Constantine I 1868-1923, king of the Hellenes, eldest son of George I , whom he succeeded in 1913. Married to Sophia, sister of the German emperor William II, he opposed the pro-Allied policy of the Greek premier, Eleutherios Venizelos , and was forced to abdicate in 1917 under Allied military pressure. His second son, Alexander , succeeded to the throne. Recalled (1920) on Alexander's death, he continued the war against Turkey, although the Allies withdrew their support from Greece. The Turkish victory at Izmir caused a...
  • Constantine II 1940-, king of the Hellenes; also known as Constantine XIII. He was appointed regent in 1964 and succeeded to the throne the same year on the death of his father, King Paul. In 1967, after a military junta had seized political power in Greece, Constantine made an abortive attempt to overthrow the generals. When the coup failed, he and his family fled into exile. The...
  • Dracon see Draco , Athenian politician.
  • George I 1845-1913, king of the Hellenes (1863-1913), second son of Christian IX of Denmark. After the deposition (1862) of Otto I , he was elected to succeed on the throne of Greece. Much more effective than his predecessor, George introduced (1864) a democratic constitution, acquired (1881) Thessaly and part of Epirus from...
  • George II 1890-1947, king of the Hellenes (1922-23, 1935-47), successor and eldest son of King Constantine I. When Constantine I was forced by the Allies to abdicate in 1917, George, also suspected of being pro-German, was passed over in favor of his younger brother Alexander , who succeeded to the Greek throne. Later, however, George succeeded Constantine I, who had been restored (1920) and again deposed (1922). Hostility to the dynasty was such, however, that George...
  • Grivas, George 1898-1974, Greek and Cypriot general, b. Cyprus. He joined the Greek army and early became an advocate of enosis (the union of Cyprus with Greece). After World War II, he played a sinister role in...
  • Kanaris, Constantine 1790-1877, Greek patriot, admiral, and politician. He distinguished himself in the Greek War of Independence, notably at Tenedos, where he destroyed (1822) the flagship of the Turkish admiral...
  • Kanellopoulos, Panayotis 1902-86, Greek writer and political leader. A professor of sociology at the Univ. of Athens, he was active in World War II in the resistance and in the government-in-exile, in which he served as...
  • Karamanlis, Constantine 1907-98, president of Greece (1980-85, 1990-95), b. Turkish Macedonia. A member of parliament in 1935-36, he was reelected in 1946 and held various cabinet posts until Oct., 1955, when he became...
  • Kolettes, Ioannis 1773-1847, Greek political leader. A major political figure both during and after the Greek War of Independence. His cynical, opportunistic policies while premier (1844-47) helped establish the...
  • Kolokotronis, Theodore 1770-1843, Greek patriot and general. A leader in the Greek War of Independence against Ottoman rule in the 1820s, he was instrumental in the capture of Trípolis, Návplion, Corinth, Pátrai, and...
  • Kondouriotis, Paul 1857-1935, Greek admiral and statesman. He became a national hero through his victories over the Turkish fleet in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and in the Balkan Wars of 1912-13. He was regent...
  • Kondylis, George 1879-1936, Greek general and statesman. He fought in the Balkan Wars and at Salonica in World War I. Entering politics in the turbulent postwar years, he served (1924-25) as minister of war and of...
  • Kyprianou, Spyros 1932-2002, Greek Cypriot political leader and president of Cyprus (1977-1988). He served (1960-72) as foreign minister, and opposed efforts by Athens to unify the island with Greece, which sparked...
  • Makarios III 1913-77, Orthodox Eastern archbishop and Cypriot statesman, first president of Cyprus (1960-77). Born Michael Mouskos, Makarios was elected bishop of Kition in 1948 and archbishop of Cyprus in...
  • Mavrokordatos, Alexander 1791-1865, Greek patriot and statesman. He took an active part in the Greek revolt (1821) against Turkey and wrote the Greek declaration of independence. He was (1822) president of the first...
  • Metaxas, John 1871-1941, Greek general and statesman. A career soldier, he served in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and in the Balkan Wars of 1912-13, in which he was assistant chief of staff. He was later chief...
  • Mitsotakis, Constantine 1918-, Greek political leader. Active in the Cretan resistance against the Nazi occupation, he became a member of parliament for Khaniá (1946-67, 1977-90). He was arrested (1967) by the military...
  • Otto I 1815-67, first king of the Hellenes (1833-62). The second son of King Louis I of Bavaria, he was chosen (1832) by a conference of European powers at London to rule newly independent Greece. He ascended the throne under a highly unpopular regency of Bavarians. A military coup (1843) forced a constitution on the king. His authority was further weakened when Greece sought to attack...
  • Pangalos, Theodore 1878-1952, Greek general and politician. He was instrumental in the overthrow (1922) of King Constantine I and initially supported the republic (1924). In June, 1925, he seized power, and in Jan.,...
  • Papadopoulos, George (Georgios Papadopoulos) , 1919-99, Greek colonel and political leader. A career army officer, he was the strongman of the military junta that seized power in Greece in Apr., 1967. At first Papadopoulos took the post of...
  • Papagos, Alexander 1883-1955, Greek soldier and political leader. Commissioned an officer in the Greek army in 1906, he rose rapidly through the ranks. In 1935 he became minister of war, and the following year he...
  • Papandreou, Andreas Georgiou 1919-96, Greek political leader, premier of Greece (1981-89, 1993-96), son of George Papandreou (1888-1968) and father of George Papandreou (1952-). He was jailed and tortured in 1939 and left for the United States in 1940. He was a naturalized American citizen for a time (1944-64) and taught economics in the United States, but he...
  • Papandreou, George pä&180;pendrā´oo , 1888-1968, Greek political leader, father of Andreas Papandreou and grandfather of George Papandreou (1952-). As a young man he became involved in antiroyalist politics, serving as a member of parliament, interior minister (1923), and in several other government posts during the Republic of...
  • Papandreou, George (Georgios Andreou Papandreou) pä&180;pendrā´oo , 1952-, Greek political leader, b. Minnesota. The son of Andreas Papandreou and grandson of George Papandreou (1888-1968), he spent much of his first three decades abroad while his father was in exile. A member of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Pasok), he was elected to the Greek parliament in 1981...
  • Paul 1901-64, king of the Hellenes (1947-64), brother and successor of George II. He married (1938) Princess Frederika of Brunswick. During Paul's reign Greece followed a pro-Western policy, and the Cyprus...
  • Rallis Greek political family. Dimitrios R. Rallis, 1844-1921, a three-time prime minister, he was first prime minister in May-Oct., 1897. Although he managed to arrange an armistice between Greece and Turkey over Crete , he was dismissed by King George I when he refused to accept the conditions of peace put forward by the European powers. During his other two terms as prime minister (July-Dec., 1903, and July-Aug., 1909) he attempted to reconcile...
  • Simitis, Costas (Konstantinos Georgiou Simitis) , 1936-, Greek politician and premier (1996-2004), b. Athens. Simitis studied law in Germany (J.D., Marburg, 1959) and economics in Great Britain. A lawyer, he was involved in activities against the...
  • Tricoupis, Hariloas 1832-96, Greek statesman. He became Greece's foreign minister in 1866 at the age of 34. After brief periods as prime minister in 1875 and 1880, he became prime minister again in 1882 and began an...
  • Tsaldaris, Panayoti 1868-1936, Greek politician. A leader of the Populist (royalist) party, he succeeded Eleutherios Venizelos as premier in Nov., 1932, and again, after a brief return to power by Venizelos, in Mar., 1933. In 1935 the Venizelists rose against the royalist policy of Tsaldaris, but they were crushed by...
  • Venizelos, Eleutherios 1864-1936, Greek statesman, b. Crete. After studying at the Univ. of Athens, he returned to Crete and played a prominent part in the Cretan insurrection of 1896-97. In 1905 he led the Cretan assembly to declare the union of Crete with Greece; this union actually was not completed until 1913. In...
  • Ypsilanti or Hypsilanti , prominent Greek family of Phanariots (see under Phanar ). An early distinguished member, Alexander Ypsilanti, c.1725-c.1807, was dragoman (minister) of the Ottoman emperor and hospodar (governor) of Walachia (1774-82, 1796-97) and of Moldavia (1786-88). Captured (1790) by the Austrians in the Russo-Turkish...
  • Zaïmis, Alexander 1855-1936, Greek statesman. At the end of the disastrous 1897 war with Turkey, he became premier for the first time (1897-99). He was again premier in 1901-2 and 1904-6, was high commissioner in...
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