Documents for "Chilean History: Biographies":

• Alessandri, Arturo 1868-1950, president of Chile (1920-25, 1932-38). The 1920 presidential candidate of the Liberal Alliance, a coalition of all the enemies of the conservatives, Alessandri was elected on a reform...

• Allende Gossens, Salvador 1908-73, president of Chile (1970-73). A physician, he helped found the Chilean Socialist party in 1933, was minister of health (1939-42) and president of the senate (1965-69). Four times a...

• Aylwin Azócar, Patricio 1918-, president of Chile (1990-94). He was a founder of the Christian Democratic party in 1957 and served as a senator (1964-73). In 1989, he became the spokesman for the coalition that advocated...

• Bachelet, Michele (Verónica Michele Bachelet Jeria), 1951-, Chilean political leader and government official. Her father, Alberto Bachelet, was an air force general and official in President Salvador Allende 's government; after Allende was overthrown (1973), he was arrested by the Pinochet regime, tortured, and died in prison (1974). In 1975, Bachelet and her mother were also arrested and tortured, then exiled. Returning in 1979, Bachelet graduated (1982) from medical school, then...

• Balmaceda, José 1840-91, president of Chile (1886-91). A leader of a liberal, anticlerical group, he was sent as minister (1878) to Argentina, where he successfully prevented Argentina from entering the War of...

• Bulnes, Manuel 1799-1866, president of Chile (1841-51). He served in the revolt against Spain and commanded the victorious Chilean forces at the battle of Yungay (1839), where the Peru-Bolivia confederation of...

• Carrera, José Miguel 1785-1821, Chilean revolutionist. With his brothers, Juan José and Luis, he overthrew the revolutionary junta headed by Martínez de Rozas in 1813 and dominated Chile until replaced by Bernardo O'Higgins later that year. He again seized control in 1814, precipitating a civil war that facilitated Spanish reconquest of Chile. Later he was forbidden by José de San Martín to reenter Chile. San Martín...

• Frei Montalva, Eduardo 1911-82, president of Chile (1964-70). A lawyer and editor, he was a founder (1938) of the National Falange, an independent party based on progressive Christian principles, which in 1957 became...

• Ibáñez del Campo, Carlos 1877-1960, president of Chile (1927-31, 1952-58). An army general who served as minister of war (1925-27) and vice president (1927), he became president upon the forced resignation of President...

• Lagos Escobar, Ricardo 1938-, Chilean political leader. A lawyer and economist, he was an academic and served as secretary-general of the Univ. of Chile under President Allende , whom Lagos supported. After Allende's overthrow, Lagos taught abroad and was a UN economist (1978-84) in Chile. In the early 1980s he helped found the Alliance for Democracy and led it in 1983-84,...

• Martínez de Rozas, Juan 1759-1813, Chilean revolutionist, b. Mendoza, Argentina. A lawyer and scholar, he was a leading instigator of revolutionary ideas. In 1810 he headed the junta that deposed the Spanish governor,...

• Montt, Jorge 1846-1922, Chilean vice admiral, president of Chile (1891-96). He was a distant relative of Manuel and Pedro Montt. A leader in the ruinous civil war against Balmaceda , he commanded both the sea and land forces of the insurrectionists and, after the cessation of hostilities, he headed a provisional junta and then became president. An honest but undistinguished...

• Montt, Manuel 1809-80, president of Chile (1851-61). From a poverty-stricken childhood he rose to become one of Chile's most notable jurists. He held many prominent academic and governmental posts,...

• Montt, Pedro 1848-1910, president of Chile (1906-10). Son of Manuel Montt, he held with distinction several government posts. He was a minister under José Balmaceda but later joined Jorge Montt, a distant...

• O'Higgins, Bernardo 1778-1842, South American revolutionary and ruler (1817-23) of Chile; illegitimate son of Ambrosio O'Higgins. He was chosen in 1813 to replace José Miguel Carrera as revolutionary leader. After the loss at Rancagua , O'Higgins fled with the remnant of his army to Argentina, where he joined forces with San Martín. Returning to Chile in 1817, San Martín and O'Higgins defeated the Spaniards at Chacabuco. O'Higgins was named supreme director of Chile, whose independence he proclaimed on Feb. 12, 1818. His financial, political, and social reforms aroused much opposition, and in 1823 he was deposed...

• Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto 1915-, president and dictator of Chile (1973-90). An army general who served as chief of staff (1972-73) and commander of the army (1973), he led the coup that overthrew socialist president...

• Portales, Diego 1793-1837, Chilean statesman. Founder of constitutional order and of the conservative regime in Chile, he was general minister (1830-31) and minister of war and marine (1831-32, 1835-37). The...

• Rozas, Juan Martínez de see Martínez de Rozas, Juan.

• Santa María, Domingo 1825-89, Chilean historian and statesman, president of Chile (1881-86). A liberal statesman, scholar, and author of several historical works, he took part in revolutions against the conservative...