Documents for "Brazilian History: Biographies":

• Andrada e Silva, José Bonifácio de see Bonifácio, José.

• Bonifácio, José 1763-1838, Brazilian statesman and scientist. He studied in Europe and gained international fame as a geologist before returning (1819) to Brazil. Seeking a peaceful solution to Brazilian unrest...

• Cardoso, Fernando Henrique 1931-, Brazilian sociologist and politician, president of Brazil (1995-2002), b. Rio de Janeiro. Originally a sociology professor and opponent of Brazil's military dictators, he lived in exile...

• Castelo Branco, Humberto 1900-1967, president of Brazil (1964-67). An army officer, he served as chief of staff of the Brazilian army before participating in the coup that ousted President João Goulart in Apr., 1964...

• Collor de Mello, Fernando 1949-, president of Brazil (1990-92). In 1990, he became the youngest president of Brazil following the first public election in 29 years. He was mayor of Maceió (1979-81) and federal deputy...

• Costa e Silva, Artur da 1902-69, president of Brazil (1967-69). An army general, he participated in the 1964 coup that deposed President João Goulart. He served as war minister (1964-66) under President Humberto Castelo Branco and succeeded him in office. As president, he rejected the calls for a general amnesty, refused to hold elections, and repressed student strikes. Emboldened by the nation's strong economic...

• da Silva, Luiz Inácio 1945-, Brazilian labor leader and politician, known as Lula, b. Vargem Grande (now Caetés), Pernambuco. Born into a poor family, da Silva worked as a child to help support the household. After...

• Figueiredo, João Baptista de Oliveira 1918-99, Brazilian general and politician, president of Brazil (1979-85). He was named (1974) to head the national intelligence service and in 1979 was chosen to succeed Ernesto Geisel as...

• Fonseca, Manuel Deodoro da 1827-92, first president of Brazil (1891). A leader of the discontented militarists who helped overturn the empire (Nov., 1889), he headed the provisional government that established the republic...

• Garrastazú Médici, Emílio see Médici, Emílio Garrastazú.

• Goulart, João 1918-76, president of Brazil (1961-64). A rancher and attorney, he served as minister of labor, industry, and commerce (1953-54) and as vice president (1956-61). His succession to the presidency...

• Isabel 1846-1921, princess imperial of Brazil; eldest daughter of Pedro II. She acted as regent in her father's absence. Her marriage to the comte d'Eu added to her own unpopularity and probably contributed to the growing republican sentiment of her time. Along with her...

• Kubitschek, Juscelino 1902-76, president of Brazil (1956-61). A surgeon who served as mayor of Belohorizonte and governor of Minas Gerais, he was elected president in 1955. He launched an immense public works program,...

• Médici, Emílio Garrastazú 1905-86, president of Brazil (1969-74). An army general, he served as head of the national intelligence service. He was selected president (Oct., 1969) by a military junta to succeed the ailing...

• Nabuco, Joaquim 1849-1910, Brazilian writer, abolitionist, and diplomat. A parliamentary deputy in imperial times, he was perhaps the strongest single force in bringing about the abolition of slavery (1888). He...

• Pedro II (Dom Pedro II de Alcântara), 1825-91, emperor of Brazil (1831-89). At the age of five, he succeeded under a regency when his father, Pedro I , abdicated. He was declared of age in 1840. Pedro II's long reign was characterized by great social change, material progress, and wars with neighboring nations. Brazil aided Justo José de Urquiza in the war (1851-52) against Juan Manuel de Rosas , at the same time intervening in Uruguayan affairs in support of Venancio Flores. Later, Brazil joined Argentina and Uruguay in the War of the Triple Alliance against Paraguay (1865-70). Pedro II...

• Peixoto, Floriano 1842-95, Brazilian marshal and statesman, president of Brazil (1891-94). He took part in the establishment of the republic and was chosen vice president under Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca. When the president resigned in the face of a revolution, Peixoto succeeded to the presidency (Nov., 1891). He ruled dictatorially amid widespread dissension, putting down a naval revolt in 1893...

• Quadros, Jânio da Silva 1917-92, president of Brazil (Jan.-Aug., 1961). A schoolteacher and lawyer, he served as mayor of the city of (1953-54) and as governor of the state of São Paulo (1955-59). A political...

• Rio Branco, José Maria da Silva Paranhos, barão do 1845-1912, Brazilian statesman and diplomat. He was consul in Liverpool from 1876 to 1893, when he was appointed to plead Brazil's case in the border dispute with Argentina arbitrated by President...

• Rondon, Cândido Mariano da Silva 1865-1958, Brazilian explorer and founder of the Indian Protection Service. A major in the army, he was appointed in 1907 to build a telegraph network through the rain forest of NW Brazil, and...

• Sá, Mem de d. 1572, Portuguese colonial official, governor-general of Brazil (1557?-1572). He drove (1567) the French colony from Guanabara Bay and founded the city of Rio de Janeiro at its site.

• Sarney Costa, José 1930-, Brazilian politician, president of Brazil (1985-90). He served as a federal deputy (1958-64), governor of Maranhâo (1965-70), and federal senator (1970-84). He became vice president in the...

• Sousa, Martim Afonso de 1500?-1564, Portuguese colonial administrator. A military man, he was commissioned in 1530 to drive the French corsairs from the Brazilian coasts and to establish colonies. He succeeded in...

• Tiradentes 1748-92, Brazilian patriot. His real name was José Joaquim da Silva Xavier. He gained his nickname, which means "tooth-puller," working as a healer in his youth. He later became an army officer. In the late 1780s he joined and soon became the leader of the Inconfidência Mineira, a movement against Portuguese rule and for revolutionary democracy in Brazil that was inspired by the American Revolution and was based in Vila Rica (now Ouro Prêto). In 1789 the movement was...

• Vargas, Getúlio Dornelles 1883-1954, Brazilian statesman, twice president (1930-45, 1951-54). The popular governor of Rio Grande do Sul (1928-30), he ran for the presidency in 1930, was defeated, charged fraud, and led a...