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Documents for "Libraries, Books, and Printing: Biographies":
  • Adler, Elmer ăd´ler , 1884-1962, American bibliophile and printer, b. Rochester, N.Y. From 1930 to 1940 he published The Colophon, a highly regarded quarterly of bibliographic research and information for book collectors; it was produced with fine printing. Adler became curator of the graphic arts department of Princeton Univ...
  • Aldus Manutius or Aldo Manuzio , 1450-1515, Venetian printer. He was educated as a humanistic scholar and became tutor to several of the great ducal families. One of them, the Pio family, provided him with money to establish a...
  • Ames, Joseph 1689-1759, English bibliographer. He compiled Typographical Antiquities (1749), a valuable list of English books printed before 1600.
  • Badius, Jodocus 1462-1535, French printer, b. Asche, near Brussels. His original name was Josse Bade, and he is sometimes called for his birthplace Jodocus Badius Ascensius. He taught Greek and edited classics in...
  • Barbier, Antoine Alexandre 1765-1825, French bibliographer and government librarian. Barbier was one of a committee appointed to collect works suppressed by the Revolution. He later became librarian to Napoleon I. His...
  • Baskerville, John 1706-75, English designer of type and printer. He and Caslon were the two great type designers of the 18th cent. in England. He began his work as printer and publisher in 1757 and in 1758 became printer to Cambridge Univ. Baskerville's first volume was a...
  • Billings, John Shaw 1838-1913, American surgeon and librarian, b. Indiana. In the Civil War he was medical inspector of the Army of the Potomac. After the war he was given charge of the Surgeon General's Library in...
  • Blaeu, Willem Janszoon 1571-1638, Dutch cartographer and printer. He studied astronomy and instrument making under the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe. The printing establishment he founded in Amsterdam was famed for its fine instruments, marine publications, globes and atlases, and especially for the folio atlas that he compiled. Blaeu designed...
  • Bodley, Sir Thomas 1545-1613, English scholar and diplomat, organizer of the Bodleian Library at Oxford Univ. He was a Greek scholar and teacher at Oxford, and in 1584 he was elected to Parliament. He spent 11 years (1585-96) abroad on diplomatic missions for Queen Elizabeth I. In 1598 his...
  • Bodoni, Giambattista 1740-1813, Italian printer b. Piedmont. He was the son of a printer and worked for a time at the press of the Vatican. Under the patronage of the duke of Parma, he produced stately quartos and...
  • Bradford, Andrew 1686-1742, colonial printer of Pennsylvania, b. Philadelphia; son of William Bradford (1663-1752). Andrew learned the trade in his father's shop in New York City and in 1712 went to Philadelphia, where he established his own press and became a bookseller. In 1719 he began...
  • Bradford, William 1663-1752, British pioneer printer in the American colonies. Born in Leicestershire, England, he served an apprenticeship under a London printer before emigrating in 1685 to Philadelphia, where he...
  • Bradford, William 1722-91, American Revolutionary printer and patriot; grandson of William Bradford (1663-1752). He learned printing from his uncle, Andrew Bradford, in Philadelphia, and in 1742 he set up his own...
  • Bradshaw, Henry 1831-86, English librarian and antiquarian at Cambridge Univ. He discovered, organized, and made known the university's treasures of manuscripts and incunabula, especially those in Gaelic—the Book...
  • Brown, John Carter 1797-1874, American book collector and philanthropist, b. Providence, R.I.; son of Nicholas Brown. In about 1840 he began collecting books printed before 1800 relating to America, and the result was a remarkable library of 5,600 volumes. These were cataloged by John Bartlett (4 vol., 1865-71). Several thousand volumes were added to the library before Brown's death. After his son, John N. Brown, died, the library was donated to Brown Univ. (named for Nicholas Brown)...
  • Caslon, William 1692-1766, English type designer, b. Worcestershire. He worked first in London as an engraver of gunlocks, then set up his own foundry in 1716. The merits of Caslon's types were rediscovered after...
  • Castaldi, Pamfilo c.1398-c.1490, Italian humanist and printer. He was the first printer of the city of Milan. Some credit him with the invention of movable type. See Gutenberg, Johann.
  • Caxton, William c.1421-91, English printer, the first to print books in English. He served apprenticeship as a mercer and from 1463 to 1469 was at Bruges as governor of the Merchants Adventurers in the Low...
  • Chambers, William 1800-1883, and Robert Chambers, 1802-71, Scottish authors and publishers. Their firm of W. and R. Chambers is best known for Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, which William started in 1832 and for which...
  • Clapp, Verner 1901-72, American librarian, b. Johannesburg, South Africa. After studying philosophy at Harvard, Clapp worked for the Library of Congress (1922-56), becoming chief assistant librarian in 1947. He...
  • Cogswell, Joseph Green 1786-1871, American librarian and bibliographer, b. Ipswich, Mass. After studying abroad, Cogswell taught mineralogy and geology at Harvard and became librarian in 1821. In 1823 he helped to found...
  • Colines, Simon de d. 1546, Parisian printer. He was associated with the elder Henri Estienne and continued his work. Colines used elegant roman and italic types and a Greek type, with accents, that was superior to its predecessors. He is believed to have designed some of his types; some...
  • Cotton, Sir Robert Bruce 1571-1631, English antiquarian. The Cottonian collection of books, manuscripts, coins, and antiquities became a part of the British Museum when it was founded in 1753. Cotton collected especially...
  • Crerar, John 1827-89, American capitalist and philanthropist, b. New York City. Crerar was a manufacturer in Chicago, and gave liberally to many causes. He is remembered chiefly for the John Crerar Library, a scientific and technical reference library in Chicago, for which he provided in his will. The library has special collections on medicine, Chinese literature, Dutch history, floriculture, the...
  • Cutter, Charles Ammi 1837-1903, American librarian, b. Boston. Cutter cataloged the library of the Harvard Divinity School and in 1860 was appointed as the assistant to the librarian of Harvard. As librarian of the...
  • Dana, John Cotton 1856-1929, American librarian and museum director, b. Woodstock, Vt. He was a lawyer and a civil engineer before joining the staff of the Denver (Colo.) Public Library in 1889, where he instituted...
  • Day, Benjamin 1838-1916, American printer; son of Benjamin Henry Day. While working in New York City, Day invented a process, utilizing celluloid sheets, for shading plates in the color printing of maps and...
  • Day, John 1522-84, English printer. At his London shop Day designed and made type for himself, but not for sale. His types included musical notes and the first Anglo-Saxon type. He printed the first English...
  • Daye, Matthew c.1620-1649, British printer in Massachusetts Bay colony; son of Stephen Daye. His name first appears on the almanac for 1647, but it would seem probable that he was employed at the Cambridge...
  • Daye, Stephen c.1594-1668, British settler in North America, considered by many to be the first printer in the English American colonies. He came to Massachusetts Bay with his family in 1638 under contract to...
  • De Vinne, Theodore Low 1828-1914, American printer, b. Stamford, Conn. He learned his trade in the office of the Newburgh (N.Y.) Gazette and in 1848 entered the shop of Francis Hart in New York City. In 1858 he was made a junior partner, and after Hart's death in 1877 De Vinne became owner of the business. It continued as Theo. L...
  • Dewey, Melvil 1851-1931, American library pioneer, originator of the Dewey decimal system, b. Adams Center, N.Y., grad. Amherst (B.A., 1874; M.A., 1877). A man of originality and of enormous energy, Dewey played...
  • Didot, François 1689-1757, Parisian printer. The son of a printer, Denis Didot, he was the first of the family to win fame in his craft. His son, François Ambroise Didot, 1730-1804, was said by Benjamin Franklin Bache to be the best printer of his time. Bache was apprenticed to Didot by his grandfather, Benjamin Franklin. The scholarly and typographic excellence of...
  • Dolet, Étienne 1509-46, French scholar, painter, and printer of Lyons. He wrote treatises on French grammar, poems, a short history of Francis I, and works in Latin about Cicero. In 1538 he issued from his own...
  • Dwiggins, William Addison 1880-1956, American type designer, calligrapher, and book designer, b. Martinsville, Ohio. He attained prominence as an illustrator and commercial artist, and he brought to the designing of type...
  • Dyck, Christopher van 1601-c.1672, German designer and maker of printing type, who worked in Amsterdam. Types that he designed were used by the Elzevir firm. His roman typeface was of the kind known in England and America...
  • Eames, Wilberforce 1855-1937, American bibliographer, b. Newark, N.J. He joined the staff of the Lenox Library in New York City in 1885 and became its librarian in 1895. After 1911 he was bibliographer of the New...
  • Edwards, Edward 1812-86, English library pioneer. As assistant from 1839 in the British Museum, he helped Sir Anthony Panizzi draw up the rules for the catalog. Edwards collected library statistics and advised...
  • Ellis, William 1794-1872, English missionary, pioneer of printing in the Pacific. Sent in 1816 to Polynesia as a nonconformist missionary, he set up at Tahiti the first printing press in the South Seas. He...
  • Elzevir, Louis 1540-1617, Dutch printer and bookseller, whose name also appeared as Elsevier or Elzevier. He produced his first book at Leiden in 1583. Under his descendants, the business was continued until...
  • Estienne   Étienne , or, Latinized, Stephanus , family of Parisian and Genevan printers of the 16th and 17th cent., distinguished through five generations in scholarship as well as in their craft. ...
  • Evans, Charles 1850-1935, American librarian and bibliographer, b. Boston. He organized many major American libraries including the Indianapolis public library, the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore, and the...
  • Evans, Luther Harris 1902-81, American librarian and political scientist, b. Bastrop co., Tex. After teaching political science at several universities, he became director of the Historical Records Survey under the...
  • Fleet, Thomas 1685-1758, American colonial printer, b. Shropshire, England. He arrived in Boston c.1712, a refugee because of his opposition to the High Church, and became a prominent printer and publisher in...
  • Folger, Henry Clay fōl´jer , 1857-1930, American industrialist and collector of Shakespeareana. His connection with Standard Oil companies, beginning in 1879, continued until his retirement 49 years later as chairman of the...
  • Foulis, Andrew 1712-75, and Robert Foulis, 1707-76, Scottish printers, brothers. They worked in partnership as printers to the Univ. of Glasgow. Their publications were famous both for beauty and accuracy; the 554 works they printed...
  • Fournier, Pierre Simon 1712-68, Parisian type founder. Fournier devised the first point system for measuring and naming sizes of type in 1737. He designed a number of typefaces and many typographic ornaments. He was the...
  • Franklin, Ann Smith 1696-1763, American printer; sister-in-law of Benjamin Franklin. After the death in 1735 of her husband, James Franklin, she carried on his commercial printing business, in Newport, R.I., aided by...
  • Froben, Johannes 1460-1527, German printer. He established himself at Basel and there in 1516 printed the Greek New Testament, edited and translated into Latin by Erasmus. Erasmus edited many publications of...
  • Fust, Johann d. 1466?, printer at Mainz. Johann Gutenberg borrowed substantial sums of money from Fust, a goldsmith, lawyer, and money lender. When Gutenberg was unable to repay these sums, his press and types became Fust's property. In partnership with...
  • Garamond, Claude 1480-1561, Parisian designer and maker of printing types. According to tradition he learned his art from Geofroy Tory. Types designed by Garamond were used in the printeries of the Estienne family, Colines , Plantin , and Bodoni , and types used by the Elzevir family were based on his designs. His royal Greek type ( grecs du roi ), designed for Francis I, imitated the Greek writing of a scholar of his time (Angelos Vergetios). His roman and italic types, however, were innovations in being designed as metal types, not as...
  • Glover, Jose d. 1638, English nonconformist minister, generally considered the father of printing in the English colonies of North America. He visited New England c.1634 and on his return to England solicited...
  • Goudy, Frederic William 1865-1947, American type designer, b. Bloomington, Ill. Goudy is celebrated as one of the finest and most prolific type designers in history. In 1905, Goudy established his first press, which he...
  • Grafton, Richard d. c.1572, London publisher and printer. In 1539 with Edward Whitchurch he printed the Great Bible in black letter (see type ). He printed the first edition of the Book of Common Prayer also in black letter. Grafton was printer to King Edward VI, and a protégé of Thomas Cromwell. He earned a minor place among English...
  • Granjon, Robert fl. 1545-88, French designer of type and printer. He began his work in Paris and afterward worked in Lyons, Antwerp, and Rome. The types that he designed and made included roman, italic, Greek,...
  • Green, Bartholomew 1666-1732, early American printer, b. Cambridge, Mass.; the son of Samuel Green. He inherited his father's press in Cambridge in 1692 and moved it to Boston. He had the patronage of the government and of Harvard and became the foremost printer in New England. Except for four...
  • Green, Samuel 1615-1702, early American printer. He established himself at Cambridge, Mass., in 1649, using a press owned by Henry Dunster, the first president of Harvard. Green succeeded Stephen Daye , who established the first printing plant in the colonies. The press that was sent to the colony in 1654 by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England was given to Green. He used...
  • Green, Samuel Swett 1837-1918, American librarian, b. Worcester, Mass. Green was librarian of the Worcester, Mass., Free Public Library (1871-1909) and was a member of the Free Public Library Commission of...
  • Grolier de Servières, Jean, vicomte d'Aguisy 1479-1565, French bibliophile. Grolier served Francis I as government treasurer and was later ambassador to Italy. There he met the printer Aldus Manutius and began collecting books. His library...
  • Gutenberg, Johann c.1397-1468, German inventor and printer, long credited with the invention of a method of printing from movable type, including the use of metal molds and alloys, a special press, and oil-based...
  • Hunter, Dard 1883-1966, American printer-publisher, b. Steubenville, Ohio. Hunter is known for his researches and writings on the history and technique of papermaking. From 1938 he was curator of the Dard...
  • Jaggard, William c.1568-1623, London printer and publisher. Although it seems that he had previously pirated some of Shakespeare's works, he was chosen by the editors John Heming and Henry Condell as publisher of...
  • Jenson, Nicolas d. c.1480, Venetian printer, b. France. Jenson studied printing with Gutenberg at Mainz for three years. He was one of the first to design roman type, which was far superior in beauty and...
  • Jewett, Charles Coffin 1816-68, American librarian, b. Lebanon, Maine. Jewett prepared his first catalog of books as librarian of Andover Theological Seminary. He was appointed librarian of Brown Univ. in 1841, where he...
  • John of Speyer d. 1470, first printer in Venice, b. Bavaria. He designed and patented the first type purely roman in character. It appears in Cicero's Epistulae ad familiares and Pliny's Historia naturalis, both...
  • Koberger, Anton c.1445-1513, German printer. He established in 1470 the first printery in Nuremberg. In 1483 he produced a German Bible and in 1484 the first book printed in the Hungarian language. Koberger was...
  • Koster, Laurens Janszoon c.1370-c.1440, Dutch sexton of a church in Haarlem, one of the men to whom has been ascribed the invention of printing with movable types. His name was Laurens Janszoon, but he is known by his...
  • Lanston, Tolbert 1844-1913, American inventor, b. Troy, Ohio. Lanston spent his youth on an Iowa farm and served in the military throughout the Civil War. For 22 years he was a clerk in the U.S. Pension Office,...
  • Lenox, James 1800-1880, American bibliophile and philanthropist, b. New York City. Lenox was a founder of the Presbyterian Hospital, New York City. He amassed a fine collection of paintings and books that, as...
  • Magliabechi, Antonio 1633-1714, Italian librarian, b. Florence. Magliabechi was a trained goldsmith who devoted his life to learning, and mastered Greek, Latin, and Hebrew. He became known throughout Europe for his...
  • Martín, Esteban fl. 1539, printer in Mexico. Martín is reputed to have preceded Juan Pablos. There is evidence that he printed Escala espiritual para llegar al cielo, a translation of a work by St. John...
  • Mergenthaler, Ottmar 1854-99, American inventor of the Linotype (see printing ). Mergenthaler was born in Germany. He emigrated to the United States in 1872 and was employed to inspect and repair clocks in the government buildings in Washington, D.C. After 1876 he lived in...
  • Morison, Stanley 1889-1967, English typographer and journalist. Morison was typographical consultant to Cambridge Univ. Press and to the English Monotype Corp. and editor of the Fleuron from 1926 to 1930. He was typographical...
  • Nash, John Henry 1871-1947, American printer and bibliophile, b. Woodbridge, Canada. After learning the printer's trade, he emigrated to the United States in 1894. He eventually became professor of typography at...
  • Pablos, Juan d. 1561?, printer in Spanish America. Pablos printed in Mexico City the first book known to have been printed in the Western Hemisphere. It was a religious manual, Breve y más compendiosa doctrina christiana en lengua mexicana y castellana [a brief and greatly abridged Christian doctrine in the Mexican and Castilian languages]. It appeared in 1539, a full century before the appearance of the Bay Psalm Book, the first book printed within the present boundaries of the United States. Pablos was an Italian, a native of Brescia in Lombardy, and went to Mexico in 1539 as the agent of Juan Cromberger, a...
  • Panizzi, Sir Anthony 1797-1879, British librarian, b. Italy. A political exile, Panizzi settled in England in 1823 and was naturalized in 1832. He was associated with the British Museum library as assistant librarian...
  • Petrucci, Ottaviano dei 1466-1539, Venetian printer. Petrucci was the inventor of printing music by movable metal type. His patent for the process was issued by the Venetian Republic in 1498, but expensive experiments...
  • Pfister, Albrecht c.1420-c.1470, printer, of Bamberg, Bavaria. He is believed to have been the first to print illustrated books (c.1460) and to have been the printer of the Latin Bible called Pfister's Bible or the...