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Documents for "Russian and Eastern European Literature: Biographies":
  • Čapek, Josef 1887-1945, Czech writer and painter. He collaborated with his brother Karel on a number of plays and short stories. On his own he wrote the utopian play Land of Many Names (1923, tr. 1926) and several...
  • Čapek, Karel 1890-1938, Czech playwright, novelist, and essayist. He is best known as the author of two brilliant satirical plays— R. U. R. (Rossum's Universal Robots, 1921, tr. 1923), which introduced the...
  • Čech, Svatopluk 1846-1908, Czech poet and novelist. His strong Pan-Slavism and his love for democracy and freedom won him great popularity. His political enthusiasms animate many of his writings. Among Čech's...
  • Čelakovsky, František 1799-1852, Czech folklorist and poet. A disciple of Herder and a romantic Pan-Slavist, he collected Slavic folk songs from 1822 to 1827. These he later imitated in his own intricate free verses, Echoes...
  • Żeromski, Stefan 1864-1925, Polish writer. Family tragedies and emotional troubles contributed to the pessimistic strain evident in his revolutionary idealism. Among his novels are The Homeless People (1900), which...
  • Ady, Endre 1877-1919, Hungarian poet. He abandoned his studies in law for a career in journalism and literature. His first volume of poetry, Versek, appeared in 1899. After 1903 he spent most of his time in Paris, where he fell in love with a woman who became the subject of many poems. A lyric poet noted for an original and creative use of...
  • Afanasyev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich 1826-71, Russian folklorist. His collections, published from 1866 on, were instrumental in introducing Russian popular tales to world literature. A selection was translated into English as Russian...
  • Afinogenov, Aleksandr Nikolayevich 1904-41, Russian playwright. In his early plays he wrote of labor problems and the dangers of straying from the Communist ideal. His later plays concern the difficulties inherent in the...
  • Akhmatova, Anna pseud. of Anna Andreyevna Gorenko , 1888-1966, Russian poet of the Acmeist school. Her brief lyrics, simply and musically written in the tradition of Pushkin, attained great popularity. Her themes were personal, emotional, and often ironic. Among her most popular volumes...
  • Aksakov, Konstantin Sergeyevich 1817-60, Russian critic and writer, son of Sergei Timofeyevich Aksakov. Like his brother Ivan, he was an ardent Slavophile and strongly idealized the village community as a voluntary association...
  • Aksakov, Sergei Timofeyevich 1791-1859, Russian writer, known for his nostalgic descriptions of the Orenburg region. Aksakov's chief work is Family Chronicle (1856, tr. 1924), a partly fictionalized picture of country life in...
  • Aldanov, Mark pseud. of Mark Aleksandrovich Landau , 1886-1957, Russian writer. Aldanov earned degrees in chemistry and law. He took part in the Revolution of 1917, after which he emigrated to France, where he wrote novels about social conflict...
  • Alecsandri, Vasile 1821-90, Romanian poet, dramatist, and statesman. He was (1858) provisional foreign minister and subsequently served in various diplomatic posts. Besides writing lyric poetry celebrated for the...
  • Alexandrescu, Grigore 1812-85, Romanian poet. Of a noble family, he was active in secret revolutionary societies. In his fables he commented ironically on the complications of living in a Russian protectorate and tried...
  • Andreyev, Leonid Nikolayevich 1871-1919, Russian writer. Andreyev's early stories were realistic studies of everyday life. Gorky was attracted by the note of social protest in his work and used his influence to obtain...
  • Andrić, Ivo 1892-1975, Yugoslav novelist and poet, b. Bosnia. As a student Andrić worked for the independence and unity of the South Slavic peoples, and after the formation in 1918 of the Kingdom of the...
  • Annensky, Innokenty Feodorovich 1856-1909, Russian poet. A classical scholar, he translated Euripides before he began to publish verse in 1904. His highly metrical lyrics concern death, suffering, and beauty. Annensky's scant...
  • Arany, János 1817-82, Hungarian poet. Arany is considered one of the founders of modern Hungarian poetry. He was an actor, notary, editor, and professor of Hungarian literature at the Nagy-Koros college. His...
  • Artzybashev, Mikhail Petrovich 1878-1927, Russian novelist, playwright, and essayist. Artzybashev's early works were short stories in the manner of Tolstoy. His novel Sanine (1907, tr. 1914) created a sensation and was proscribed...
  • Březina, Otakar 1868-1929, Czech lyric poet, leader of the Czech symbolists , whose original name was Václav Jebavý. The first collection of his poetry, Tajemné dálky [mysterious distances],...
  • Babel, Isaac Emmanuelovich 1894-1940, Russian writer, b. Odessa. Babel was quick to embrace the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, but in the end it was the regime born of that revolution that destroyed him. He won fame with Odessa Tales (1921-23), written in Russian-Jewish dialect, and Red Cavalry (1926, tr. 1929), dramatic stories based on his life in the army (he had concealed his Jewish identity) and employing the racy slang of the Kuban Cossacks with whom he rode. The original journal...
  • Balmont, Konstantin Dmitrieyevich 1867-1943, Russian poet and translator. After first hailing the Bolshevik revolution, he repudiated it and lived chiefly in France, where he died destitute and forgotten. Although his early verse...
  • Belinsky, Vissarion Grigoryevich 1811-48, Russian writer and critic. He was prominent in the group that believed Russia's hope to lie in following European patterns. Under Hegel's influence he condoned czarism and reaction for a...
  • Bely, Andrei pseud. of Boris Nikolayevich Bugayev , 1880-1934, Russian writer. A leading symbolist , he had a close but stormy relationship with Aleksandr Blok. His poetry includes the four-volume Symphonies (1901-8); his best prose is in the novels The Silver Dove (1910) and Petersburg (1912, tr. 1959) and in Kotik Letayev (1922), an autobiographical novel in the manner of James Joyce. He was an experimenter—his involved style often mixes realism and symbolism in complex forms. In his later years Bely was influenced...
  • Bessenyei, György 1747-1811, Hungarian dramatist and writer. In Vienna he came in contact with French rationalism and was an ardent follower of Voltaire and the Encyclopedists. Bessenyei's major importance lay in...
  • Bestuzhev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich pseud. Cossack Marlinsky , 1797-1837, Russian novelist and poet. He wrote popular romantic tales in the Byronic manner. As an officer in the guards he joined the Decembrists and was exiled to Siberia....
  • Bezruč, Petr pseud. of Vladimir Vašek , 1867-1958, Czech poet, called the bard of Silesia. Bezruč's fame rests solely on the Silesian Songs (1903, enl. ed. 1909). In these 88 stark, moving verses the poet protests the suppression by the Austrians of the Slavic peoples living between Silesia and Moravia. Bezruč was an admirer of...
  • Blok, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich 1880-1921, Russian poet, considered the greatest of the Russian symbolists. As the leading disciple of Vladimir Soloviev, he voiced both mysticism and idealistic passion in an early cycle of love...
  • Botev, Khristo 1848-76, Bulgarian poet and patriot. At 17, Botev was sent to Russia, where he became enamored of socialist doctrine. He sought to promote revolution against the Ottoman domination and was killed...
  • Brodsky, Joseph (Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky) , 1940-96, Russian-American poet, b. Leningrad (St. Petersburg). A disciple of Anna Akhmatova , he began writing poetry in 1955. He was first denounced by the Soviet government (for "decadence and modernism," among other charges) in 1963 and was exiled from the Soviet Union in 1972. Brodsky emigrated to the United States, where he became a citizen, taught at several colleges, and continued to build a...
  • Bryusov, Valery Yakovlevich 1873-1924, Russian poet, novelist, and critic. He was the spearhead of the symbolist movement and wrote highly polished and esoteric verse celebrating sensual pleasures. Of his poetry, Stephanos...
  • Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanasyevich 1891-1940, Russian novelist and playwright. He wrote satirical stories ( The Deviliad, 1925, tr. 1972) and comedies ( Zoe's Apartment, 1926) and the long novel The White Guard (1925, tr. 1971), in which a Kievan family hostile to the revolution is sympathetically and realistically portrayed. He condensed and dramatized this as The Days of the Turbines (1926, tr. 1934). The satirical and philosophical novel The Master and Margarita (tr. 1967, 1995) is considered his most important book; it was not published until a censored edition appeared in 1967 (other versions were published in 1973 and 1989). He worked intermittently on...
  • Bulgarin, Faddey Venediktovich 1789-1859, Russian journalist and novelist, b. Poland. Bulgarin's original name was Tadeusz Bulharyn. In 1825 he and Nicholas Grech founded the influential conservative daily Northern Bee, in which...
  • Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich 1870-1953, Russian writer. Born of a poor aristocratic family, he was encouraged in his literary precocity. His first volume of verse was published in 1891. He traveled extensively, writing while...
  • Cankar, Ivan 1876-1918, Slovenian poet. Considered one of the great Slovenian literary figures, he was influential in the development of modern satire, symbolic drama, and the psychological novel. The struggle...
  • Caragiale, Ion Luca 1853-1912, Romanian playwright and author. Romania's foremost dramatist, his works sharply satirized Romanian society. His masterpiece, A Lost Letter (1884), describes a provincial government election...