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Documents for "Miscellaneous French Literature: Biographies":

• Césaire, Aimé 1913-, West Indian poet and essayist who writes in French. After studying in Paris he became concerned with the plight of blacks in what he considers a decadent Western society. With Léopold Senghor and Léon Damas he formulated the concept of négritude, which urged blacks to reject assimilation and cultivate consciousness of their own racial qualities and heritage. Césaire voiced this idea through poetry, collected in such volumes as Les armes miraculeuses (1946) and Ferrements (1960) and in the essay Discours sur le colonialisme (1950, tr. 1972). In addition to his literary output, which comprises poetry, plays, and historical essays on black leaders, Césaire has held a number of government positions in his native...

• Damas, Léon (Léon-Gentran Damas), 1912-78, French poet, b. French Guiana. With Léopold Senghor and Aimé Césaire he was one of the first adherents of négritude , a cultural movement emphasizing black consciousness. His poetry mirrors his intense personality; it is agitated and syncopated in syntax and graphic representation on the page. Anthologies of his...

• Diop, Birago (Birago Ishmael Diop), 1906-89, Senegalese author who wrote in French. He was best known for his collections of aphoristic stories based on African folk tales, including Contes d'Amadou Koumba (1947;...

• Oyono, Ferdinand Léopold 1929-, Cameroonian statesman and novelist writing in French. After studying in Africa and in Paris at the Law School and the National School of Administration, he joined the Cameroonian diplomatic...

• Yacine, Kateb 1929-89, Algerian author. In 1945 he moved to Paris and afterward traveled in Europe and Asia. His most famous work is the novel Nedjma (1957, tr. 1961, new tr. 1991), a symbolic story of the love of four men for one woman. The work is notable for its carefully constructed, multilevel plot. His other books include a volume of...