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Documents for "Hebrew Literature: Biographies":

• Abramovich, Sholem Yakov see Mendele mocher sforim.

• Agnon, S. Y. (Shmuel Yosef Agnon) , 1888-1970, Israeli writer, b. Buczacz, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now Buchach, Ukraine), as Samuel Josef Czaczkes. Widely regarded as the greatest 20th-century writer of fiction in Hebrew, he...

• Aleichem, Sholem [Heb.=Peace be upon you!], pseud. of Sholem Rabinowitz , 1859-1916, Yiddish author, b. Russia. One of the great Yiddish writers, he is best known for his humorous tales of life among the poverty-ridden and oppressed Russian Jews of the late 19th and...

• Ansky, Shloime pseud. of Solomon Seinwil Rapoport, 1863-1920, Russian-Yiddish author. He extensively researched regional Jewish folklore and incorporated folk elements into his realistic stories of peasant life...

• Appelfeld, Aharon 1932-, Israeli novelist, b. Cernauţi (Czernowitz), Romania (now Chernivtsi, Ukraine). His mother was killed during the Holocaust, and he and his father were sent to a concentration camp. Appelfeld escaped at the age of eight, hid in Ukranian forests and later worked in Soviet army field kitchens before emigrating to Palestine...

• Asch, Sholem 1880-1957, Jewish novelist and playwright, b. Poland. He first came to the United States in 1909, was naturalized in 1920, and lived in various parts of Europe and the United States. He settled in...

• Bedaresi, Yedayah ben Abraham 1270-1340, Jewish poet and philosopher, b. Béziers, France. His most successful poem was the didactic Examination of the World, of which many translations have been made, among them one in...

• Bialik, Hayyim Nahman 1873-1934, Hebrew poet, publisher in Odessa, Berlin, and Tel-Aviv, b. Volhynia, Russia. As an editor and publisher Bialik spread the ideas of the enlightenment (Haskalah). His fame began with the...

• Bloomgarden, Solomon pseud. Yehoash , 1870-1927, American writer in Yiddish, b. Lithuania. He emigrated to America in 1891 and, except for 10 years in Colorado (1900-1910), lived chiefly in New York City. His poetry, which holds a...

• Blumengarten, Solomon see Bloomgarden, Solomon.

• Bokher, Elya see Levita, Elijah.

• Cahan, Abraham 1860-1951, Russian-American journalist, Socialist leader, and author, b. Vilnius, Lithuania. He emigrated to New York City in 1882, entered journalism, and helped found the Jewish Daily Forward (1897); as editor in chief after 1902, he made it the most influential Jewish daily in America. He was a founder of the Social Democratic party in 1897 and after 1902 supported the Socialist party...

• Dunash ben Labrat 920-90, Hebrew grammarian and poet, b. Fès. He was also called Rabbi Adonim Halevy (ha-Levi). He wrote an exhaustive criticism of Menahem's Hebrew lexicon, adding to and correcting it, and was the...

• Dunash ben Tamim or Dunash ibn Tamim, c.900-c.960, Hebrew scholar, an astronomer and physician of North Africa. A pioneer in the field of scientific comparative philology, he tried to demonstrate that Arabic was merely a corrupt form...

• Frug, Simeon Samuel 1860-1916, Russian-Jewish lyricist and writer. His poems, dealing mainly with Zionist themes, appeared in Russian and Jewish periodicals under various pseudonyms.

• Gershom ben Judah c.965-c.1040?, rabbi, religious poet, and scholar. He was also called Me'or ha-Golah [light of the exile]. He lived his entire adult life in Mainz, Germany (now in France), where he founded a...

• Gesenius, Wilhelm 1786-1842, German Orientalist, one of the greatest Hebrew and biblical scholars. He is principally known for his Hebrew Grammar, which has been reedited so many times that it differs widely from his original. Perhaps his finest work was his biblical commentary. He was, in this, a moderate rationalist, and he aroused bitter...

• Ginzberg, Asher see Ahad Ha-am.

• Goldfaden, Abraham 1840-1908, Hebrew and Yiddish playwright, b. Starokonstantinov, Russia. He was the first important Yiddish playwright and a leading figure in Yiddish theater. In 1876 he combined some of his songs...

• Gordin, Jacob Mikhailovich 1853-1909, American writer of Yiddish plays, b. Russia. He was for some years a teacher and a newspaper writer in St. Petersburg, Odessa, and elsewhere. In 1880 he founded the Bible Brotherhood, a...

• Gordon, Judah Leon 1830-92, Russian-Hebrew novelist and poet, b. Vilna. As teacher and writer he was one of the leaders in the renaissance of a progressive culture among the Jews (see Haskalah ) and he was an indefatigable foe of obscurantism. His historical poems were followed by satirical works attacking the severity of traditional Judaism. He wrote in incomparable classical Hebrew, and...

• Gottheil, Richard James Horatio 1862-1936, American Orientalist and Semitic scholar, b. Manchester, England; son of Gustav Gottheil. He taught Semitic languages at Columbia from 1886 and was head of the Oriental department of the New York Public Library from 1896. An ardent Zionist, he was interested in the rebuilding of...

• Grade, Chaim 1910-82, Lithuanian novelist and poet. Grade, who wrote in Yiddish, became one of the prominant members of an experimental writers' group during the 1930s. After World War II he settled in the...

• Ha'am, Ahad see Ahad Ha-am.

• Ibn Gabirol, Solomon ben Judah c.1021-1058, Jewish poet and philosopher, known also as Avicebron, b. Malaga. His secular poetry deals partly with nature and love, but most of it reveals a gloom and bitterness engendered by his...

• Immanuel ben Solomon c.1265-c.1330, Hebrew-Italian poet and scholar, b. Rome. He wrote biblical criticism and, in both Hebrew and Italian, satiric verse and lively stories. His work represents a synthesis of Jewish...

• Letteris, Meir ha-Levi 1800-1871, Austrian-Jewish poet. He wrote about 30 volumes of prose and poetry. The poem called "Yonah Homiyah" [the plaintive dove] became very widely known and is still popular. He is also famous...

• Levita, Elijah (Elya Bokher), c.1468-1549, German philologist, grammarian, and lexicographer who wrote in Hebrew. He spent most of his life in Italy, teaching Christian Hebraists. His works, including the...

• Luzzatto, Moses Hayyim 1707-47, Hebrew playwright, poet, and mystic, a leader of the renaissance of Hebrew literature, b. Padua. At 15 he formed a group to study kabbalistic mysteries (see kabbalah ) and at 17 he wrote...

• Mapu, Abraham 1808-67, Lithuanian novelist who wrote in Hebrew. For many years an impoverished, itinerant schoolmaster, Mapu gained financial security when he was appointed teacher in a government school for...

• Mendele mocher sforim [Yid.= Mendele the book peddler] , pseud. of Sholem Yakov Abramovich , 1836-1917, Yiddish novelist. Born in Minsk, and orphaned at 14, he traveled with beggars through Ukraine. His early writings were in Hebrew, but his later novels and short stories were written in...

• Oz, Amos 1939-, Israeli writer, b. Jerusalem as Amos Klausner. As a teenager he changed his name to Oz, Hebrew for "strength." A former kibbutz member, Israeli soldier, and schoolteacher, he is is one of Israel's major novelists. Written in Hebrew, richly atmospheric and often poetic, his fiction explores the conflicts and...

• Peretz, Isaac Loeb 1852-1915, Jewish poet, novelist, playwright, and lawyer, b. Zamosc, Poland. A voice of the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment, Peretz was often accused of radicalism and once imprisoned for his...

• Perez, Isaac Loeb see Peretz, Isaac Loeb.

• Pinski, David 1872-1959, Yiddish dramatist and novelist, b. Russia. He wrote stories and plays in Yiddish about the ghetto and assisted in editing a Yiddish periodical in Moscow. After studying medicine in...

• Rabinowich, Sholem see Aleichem, Sholem.

• Rachel pseud. of Rachel Bluwstein, 1890-1931, Russian poet who wrote in Hebrew. She moved to Palestine in 1909 where she worked as a laborer. Her verse is simple and relates to the experience of Jewish...

• Rapoport, Solomon Seinwil see Ansky, Shloime.

• Rosenfeld, Morris 1862-1923, Jewish poet, b. Russian Poland. His name was originally Moshe Jacob Alter. He worked as a tailor in London and as a diamond grinder in Amsterdam before emigrating to the United States...

• Sholem Aleichem see Aleichem, Sholem.

• Sholom Aleichem see Aleichem, Sholem.

• Singer, Isaac Bashevis 1904-91, American novelist and short-story writer in the Yiddish language, younger brother of I. J. Singer , b. Leoncin, Poland (then in Russia). The son of a provincial Hasidic rabbi (see Hasidism ), he moved to Warsaw in the early 1920s and became associated with the city's Yiddish literati. He emigrated to the United States in 1935 and worked in New York City as a journalist on the...

• Singer, Israel Joshua 1893-1944, Polish-American novelist and playwright who wrote in Yiddish, older brother of Isaac Bashevis Singer. Living variously in Poland and Russia, he earned a literary reputation in both countries....

• Smolenskin, Perez c.1842-1885, Russian novelist and essayist who wrote in Hebrew. He settled in Vienna and founded the Hebrew monthly journal Ha-Shahar, which he edited until his death. His articles favored increased...

• Tchernihovsky, Saul 1873-1943, Russian poet who wrote in Hebrew. He was a practicing physician. His sonnets and idylls eschew the didacticism of typical Hebrew poetry and show a pantheistic outlook, derived from the...

• Yehoash see Bloomgarden, Solomon.

• Yehoshua, A. B. (Abraham B. Yehoshua), 1936-, Israeli writer. From a Sephardic family, he graduated (1961) from Hebrew Univ. in his native Jerusalem. He has taught at several schools and since 1967 has lived in...

• Zunser, Eliakum 1846-1913, Lithuanian folk poet and singer who wrote in Yiddish. The most popular Jewish folk singer of his time, he appeared at weddings all over Russia, delivering sermons and extemporizing...