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Documents for "Cuban History: Biographies":
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Agramonte, Ignacio
1841-73, Cuban revolutionist. He played an important part in the Ten Years War. He became (1869) an official of the revolutionary government, but, disagreeing with Carlos Manuel de Céspedes...
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Batista y Zaldívar, Fulgencio
1901-73, president of Cuba (1940-44, 1952-59). An army sergeant, Batista took part in the overthrow of Gerardo Machado in 1933 and subsequently headed the military and student junta that ousted Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and installed Ramón Grau San Martín. Made chief of staff of the army, he increased its size and power and soon became de facto ruler, launching a three-year plan of economic and social rehabilitation. In 1940, with centrist support,...
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Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de
1819-74, Cuban revolutionist. He completed his education in Spain and there took part (1843) in a revolution led by Juan Prim. On returning (1868) to Cuba he began the revolt by proclaiming the...
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Céspedes, Carlos Manuel de
1871-1939, president of Cuba (1933), b. New York City; son of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes (1819-74). He actively participated in the Revolution of 1895 and the Spanish-American War. When Gerardo...
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Castro, Fidel
(Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz) , 1926-, Cuban revolutionary, premier of Cuba (1959-76), president of the Council of State and of the Council of Ministers (1976-). As a student leader and lawyer, Castro opposed the dictatorship of...
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Dorticós Torrado, Osvaldo
1919-83, president of Cuba (1959-76). A prosperous lawyer, he participated in Fidel Castro 's revolutionary movement and was imprisoned (1958). He escaped and fled to Mexico, returning to Cuba after Castro's triumph (1959). As minister of laws (1959) he helped to formulate Cuban policies...
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Estrada Palma, Tomás
1835-1908, Cuban revolutionist and first president (1902-6) of Cuba. An active participant in the Ten Years War (1868-78), he became a general (1876) and was captured by the Spanish (1877)...
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Gómez y Báez, Máximo
1836-1905, Cuban revolutionary, b. Dominican Republic. He served in the Spanish army but joined the Cuban revolutionists in 1868 and became commander in chief in 1873. At the end (1878) of the Ten...
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Gómez, José Miguel
1858-1921, president of Cuba (1909-13). He took part in the Ten Years War (1868-78) and the successful revolution begun in 1895. A liberal, he was defeated for the presidency in 1906 by Estrada Palma but led an uprising that caused U.S. intervention and his own successful election. Affable and popular, he made some attempt to increase Cuba's material progress, but his administration was marred...
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García y Iñigues, Calixto
1839-98, Cuban revolutionist, a leader in the Ten Years War (1868-78). Captured and imprisoned until 1878, he entered upon revolutionary activities immediately after his release and was again...
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Grau San Martín, Ramón
1887-1969, president of Cuba (1933-34, 1944-48). Professor of medicine at the Univ. of Havana, Grau San Martín opposed Gerardo Machado. He then joined with student radicals and the military junta...
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Guevara, Che
(Ernesto Guevara) , 1928-67, Cuban revolutionary and political leader, b. Argentina. Trained as a physician at the Univ. of Buenos Aires, he took part (1952) in riots against the dictator Juan Perón in Argentina, joined agitators in Bolivia, and worked in a leper colony. In 1953 he went to Guatemala, joined the leftist regime of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, and when Arbenz was overthrown (1954) fled...
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López, Narciso
1798?-1851, Spanish American soldier, b. Venezuela. After serving in the Spanish army during the Venezuelan revolution against Spain, he left his native country for Cuba (1823). He went to Spain,...
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Machado, Gerardo
1871-1939, president of Cuba (1925-33). A businessman turned presidential candidate in 1924, he channeled the resurgent nationalism of the era. His victory over Menocal in the 1924 election, was aided by President Zayas. Machado's campaign for national regeneration initially received wide support. He taxed American capital investments, constructed a 700-mi (1,127-km) central highway and promoted investments in...
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Martí, José
1853-95, Cuban essayist, poet, and patriot, leader of the Cuban struggle for independence. One of the greatest prose writers of Spanish America, he is noted for his fluent style and vivid imagery...
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Mendieta y Montefur, Carlos
1873-1960, Cuban political leader. He was one of the chief opponents of Gerardo Machado. Mendieta, installed as provisional president (1934) by a coup led by Fulgencio Batista, was unable to establish...
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Menocal, Mario García
1866-1941, president of Cuba (1913-21). A leader in the fight for liberation from Spain, he later became a Conservative politician. As president he initiated a "businessman" government that was widely criticized as corrupt and arbitrary. His victory in the 1916 election was challenged by the Liberals, and José Miguel Gómez subsequently led an unsuccessful revolt...
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Roa, Raúl
1908-, Cuban minister of foreign affairs (1959-73). A lawyer, he was also a university professor in the 1940s and 1950s. He wrote prolifically as well. Appointed foreign minister by Fidel Castro,...
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Zayas, Alfredo
1861-1934, president of Cuba (1921-25). He was one of the leaders of the Liberal party from the founding of the republic and was vice president (1909-13) under José Miguel Gómez. He was defeated...
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