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Documents for "Southern African History: Biographies":
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Barnato, Barnett
1852-97, South African financier, b. London. His name originally was Barney Isaacs; he first called himself Barney Barnato when he performed as a comedian. He went to South Africa in 1873 and made...
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Beit, Alfred
1853-1906, South African financier, b. Hamburg. He went to South Africa in 1875, grew rich from the development of diamond mines, and was a colleague and lieutenant of Cecil Rhodes in Rhodesia. A...
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Biko, Steve
(Steven Biko) , 1946-77, South African political leader. A medical student, he founded (1969) a black student organization and developed a national "black consciousness" movement to combat racism...
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Botha, Louis
1862-1919, South African soldier and statesman. A Boer (Afrikaner), he participated in the founding (1884) of the New Republic, which joined (1888) the Transvaal. Although Botha had little...
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Botha, Pieter Willem
1916-, South African political leader. A National party member, he first entered parliament in 1948. Botha gained prominence as minister of defense (1966-80) and became prime minister in 1978. He...
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Brand, Sir John Henry
or Jan Hendrik Brand , 1823-88, South African politician, president of the Orange Free State, b. Capetown. He was called to the English bar in 1849 and practiced law in South Africa. In 1863 he was elected president of...
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Buthelezi, Mangosuthu Gatsha
(Ashpenaz Nathan Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi) , 1928-, South African political leader. A Zulu chief, he served as chief minister of the bantustan KwaZulu (1970-94, initially as head of the Zululand Territorial Authority; see Zululand ) but opposed independence for the territory. Originally an activist within the African National Congress (ANC), Buthelezi revived Inkatha, a Zulu cultural group, in 1975 as an antiapartheid and...
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Cetshwayo
Ketchwayo , or Cetewayo , c.1836-1884, king of the Zulus. Cetshwayo gained ascendancy in 1856, when he defeated in battle and killed his younger brother, who was the favorite of their father, Umpanda. On his father's death...
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de Klerk, F. W.
(Frederik Willem de Klerk) , 1936-, South African statesman, president of South Africa (1989-94). Holding ministerial posts from 1978, he became (1989) acting president when P. W. Botha resigned. Recognizing that black resistance to the white power monopoly would only increase, de Klerk, despite his conservative reputation, began the process of ending apartheid , lifting the ban on antiapartheid parties and releasing Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990. In 1991 he obtained the repeal of all remaining apartheid laws and called for the drafting of a new constitution, leading to the approval of a multiracial transitional...
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Deventer, Sir Jacob Louis van
1874?-1922, Boer general. In the South African War he commanded guerrilla forces in the Cape Colony. During World War I he helped suppress a Boer extremist outbreak against the government...
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Hertzog, James Barry Munnik
1866-1942, South African military and political leader. Before the South African War, in which he commanded a division of the Boer forces (1899-1902), he had been a judge in the Orange Free State...
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Jameson, Sir Leander Starr
1853-1917, British colonial administrator and statesman in South Africa. He went to Kimberley (1878) as a physician, became associated with Cecil Rhodes in his colonizing ventures, and was appointed (1891) administrator of Mashonaland. On Dec. 29, 1895, he led a band of volunteers on the famous Jameson Raid into the Boer colony of Transvaal in an...
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Kaunda, Kenneth David
1924-, African political leader, president of Zambia (1964-91), b. Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). A teacher and welfare officer, Kaunda opposed the formation (1953) of the Federation of Rhodesia...
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Kruger, Paul
(Stephanas Johannes Paulus) , 1825-1904, South African Transvaal statesman, known as Oom Paul. As a child he accompanied (1836) his family northward from the Cape Colony in the Great Trek that was eventually to cross the Vaal...
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Luthuli, Albert John
1898?-1967, African political leader in the Republic of South Africa. Descended from a line of Christian Zulu chiefs, he was educated at Adams College, a mission school near Durban, and taught...
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Malan, Daniel François
1874-1959, South African political leader. A minister of the Dutch Reformed Church, he left the pulpit after the outbreak of World War I to become editor of an Afrikaner nationalist paper. Rising...
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Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla
1918-, South African statesman. He earned (1942) a law degree from the Univ. of South Africa and was prominent in Johannesburg's youth wing of the African National Congress (ANC). In 1952 he became ANC deputy national president, advocating nonviolent resistance to apartheid. However, after a group of peaceful demonstrators were massacred (1960) in Sharpeville, Mandela organized a paramilitary branch of the ANC to carry out guerrilla warfare against the white...
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Mbeki, Thabo Mvuyelwa
1942-, South African political leader. Mbeki was born into a politically active family; his father, Govan Mbeki, an official with the African National Congress (ANC), was imprisoned (1964) at Robben Island along with Nelson Mandela , released (1987), and became (1994) deputy vice president of the South African senate. Thabo Mbeki joined the ANC in his teens and left Africa illegally at the movement's behest in 1962, studying...
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Mugabe, Robert Gabriel
1924-, president of Zimbabwe (1987-). A founder of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) in 1963 and a guerrilla leader, Mugabe jointly negotiated independence in 1979 with Joshua Nkomo's...
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Pretorius, Andries Wilhelmus Jacobus
1799-1853, Boer (Afrikaner) leader. He was elected (1838) commandant general of the Boers of Natal and in that year defeated a large force of Zulus at Blood River. This victory made possible the...
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Pretorius, Martinus Wessel
1818?-1901, Boer (Afrikaner) statesman; son of Andries Pretorius. In 1857 he was elected the first president of the South African Republic (the Transvaal ), and in 1859, while holding this position, he became the third president of the adjoining Orange Free State Republic (see Free State ). In 1863, after failing to effect a union of the two republics, he resigned the presidency of the Orange Free State in order to maintain his position in the Transvaal. As a result of public...
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Shaka
d. 1828, paramount chief (1818-28) of the Zulus. He organized an army of some 40,000, and after reducing many enemy peoples to vassalage, he subjugated all of what is now KwaZulu-Natal. Shaka was...
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Smith, Ian Douglas
1919-, Rhodesian political leader. He served in the Southern Rhodesia legislative assembly from 1948 until 1953, when he was elected to the federal parliament of the Central African Federation,...
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Steyn, Martinus Theunis
1857-1916, last president (1896-1900) of the Orange Free State (see Free State ), educated in the Netherlands and in England. He was admitted to the bar in 1882 and served as a judge. As president...
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Tutu, Desmond Mpilo
1931-, South African religious leader. Educated in South Africa and London and ordained in 1961, he became (1975) the first black Anglican dean of Johannesburg. As general secretary of the South...
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Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch
1901-66, South African political leader, b. Holland. He was taken as an infant to South Africa when his parents emigrated as missionaries. He graduated from Stellenbosch Univ. and studied further in Germany, where he came into contact with the nascent National Socialist (Nazi) party. He...
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Vorster, Balthazar Johannes
1915-83, South African political leader. A lawyer, John Vorster became involved in the Afrikaner nationalist movement and helped found a militant anti-British organization. Interned for opposition...
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