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Documents for "Ancient History, Egypt":
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Abydos
ancient city of Egypt, c.50 mi (80 km) NW of Thebes. Associated in religion with Osiris, Abydos became the most venerated place in Egypt. It was the favorite burial place for the kings of the...
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Berenice
or Berenike, city of ancient Egypt, on the Red Sea. Founded by Ptolemy II and named in his mother's honor, it commanded the trade with Arabia and India, flourishing from the 3d cent. BC to the 4th cent. Its...
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Bubastis
ancient city, NE Egypt, in the Nile delta, near the modern Zagazig. Capital of Egypt in the XXII and XXIII dynasties, it began to decline after the second Persian conquest (343 BC). Bubastis was...
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Buto
ancient city, N Egypt, in the Nile delta. The precise location is uncertain. Capital of Lower Egypt in prehistoric times (before 3100 BC), it had a temple dedicated to the serpent goddess Buto...
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Canopus
ancient city of N Egypt, 12 mi (19 km) E of Alexandria. Canopus, the pilot of Menelaus' ship, died there. In Hellenistic times Canopus was known as a pleasure city for the rich. Vases capped with...
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Coptos
or Coptus , ancient city of Egypt, on the right bank of the Nile, c.27 mi (43 km) N of modern Luxor. Remains of the Temple of Min, patron god of Coptos, have been found there as well as relics from the time...
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Heliopolis
[Gr.,=city of the sun], ancient city, N Egypt, in the Nile delta, 6 mi (10 km) below modern Cairo. It was noted as the center of sun worship, and its god Ra or Re was the state deity until Thebes...
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Heracleopolis
ancient city, N Egypt, just S of El Faiyum. One of the oldest Egyptian cities, it was in existence before 3000 BC and was the capital (c.2155-c.2050) of the IX and X dynasties. The temple of the...
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Hermonthis
ancient city, N Egypt, 8 mi (13 km) S of Thebes. It was founded in prehistoric times and was prominent during the period of Roman supremacy. Originally the shrine of Month, a hawk-headed deity,...
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Hermopolis Magna
ancient city, central Egypt, on the Nile and near the modern Ashmunein. It was the chief seat for the worship of Thoth. At the modern Tunneh el Gebel, 7 mi (11 km) southwest of the site, is a...
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Hyksos
[Egyptian,=rulers of foreign lands], invaders of ancient Egypt , now substantiated as the XV-XVIII dynasties. They were a northwestern Semitic (Canaanite or Amorite) people who entered Egypt sometime between 1720 and 1710 BC and subdued the pharaohs of the...
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Memphis
ancient city of Egypt, capital of the Old Kingdom (c.3100-c.2258 BC), at the apex of the Nile delta and 12 mi (18 km) from Cairo. It was reputedly founded by Menes , the first king of united Egypt....
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Meroë
ancient city in N Sudan, on the east bank of the Nile, N of Khartoum. In the mid-6th cent. BC, Meroë replaced Napata as the central city of the Cushite dynasty and from 530 BC until AD 350 served...
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Napata
ancient city of Nubia , just below the Fourth Cataract of the Nile. From about the 8th cent. BC, Napata was the capital of the kingdom of Cush. Many great temples like those of Thebes were built...
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Naucratis
ancient city of Egypt, on the Canopic branch of the Nile, 45 mi (72 km) SE of Alexandria. It was probably given (7th cent. BC) by Psamtik to Greek colonists from Miletus and was the first Greek...
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Ombos
ancient city, S Egypt, on the Nile, S of Idfu. It was strategically located on top of a hill. The city attained great importance under the Ptolemies, who built there a mighty temple complex...
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Palermo stone
ancient Egyptian stone of black diorite engraved toward the end of the 5th dynasty (2565-2420 BC) and containing the earliest extant annals. The stone is only a small fragment of what was once a...
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Pelusium
ancient city of Egypt, on the easternmost branch of the Nile (long since silted up) and c.20 mi (30 km) E of modern Port Said. It was especially important as a frontier fortress against attacks...
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pharaoh
[Heb., from Egyptian,=the great house], title of the kings of ancient Egypt. Of the pharaohs in the Bible, Shishak is Sheshonk I , Neco or Necoh is Necho , and Hophra is Apries. Many scholars believe...
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Ptolemaïs
ancient name given to several cities to honor members of the dynasty of the Ptolemies. One of these later became known as Akko , in modern Israel. Another was one of the great Hellenistic cities of...
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Punt
ancient land S of Egypt accessible by way of the Red Sea. Its exact location has not been identified, but it probably included the Somali coast. Temple reliefs at Deir el Bahari in W Thebes depict...
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Rafa
or Rafah , town in the present Gaza Strip on the Egyptian border. The ancient name was Raphia. There in 217 BC, Ptolemy IV defeated Antiochus III.
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Sakkara
necropolis (burial place) of ancient Memphis , Egypt, 3 mi (5 km) from the Nile and on the border of the Libyan desert. Zoser had his famous step-pyramid, a precursor of the familiar straight-sided pyramid, built there in the III dynasty, and...
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Tahpanhes
Tahapanes , or Tehaphnehes , ancient city, NE Egypt, on Lake Manzala. The site is now on the Suez Canal. Herodotus states that the city (called by the Greeks Daphnae) had a garrison of Psamtik's troops and, in the early 5th...
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Tanis
ancient city of Egypt, in the eastern delta of the Nile. It is identified with the Hyksos capital, Avaris (XII dynasty), and is called Zoan in the Bible. It was a significant city in the XIX...
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Tell el Amarna
or Tel el Amarna , ancient locality, Egypt, near the Nile and c.60 mi (100 km) N of Asyut. Ikhnaton's capital, Akhetaton, was in Tell el Amarna. About 400 tablets with inscriptions in Akkadian cuneiform were found...
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Thebes
city of ancient Egypt. Luxor and Karnak now occupy parts of its site. The city developed at a very early date from a number of small villages, particularly one around modern Luxor (then called Epet), but remained relatively obscure until...
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Thothmes
For Egyptian pharoahs thus named use Thutmose.
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