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Documents for "Ancient History, Africa":
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Berenice
city of ancient Cyrenaica: see Benghazi.
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Candace
title for queens in ancient Ethiopia. One of them made war (c.22 BC) on the Roman governor of Egypt, who defeated her and destroyed Napata, her capital. Another Candace is mentioned in the Bible...
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Carthage
ancient city, on the northern shore of Africa, on a peninsula in the Bay of Tunis and near modern Tunis. The Latin name, Carthago or Cartago, was derived from the Phoenician name, which meant "new...
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Cyrene
ancient city near the northern coast of Africa, in Cyrenaica (now E Libya). It was a Greek colony founded (c.630 BC) by Aristoteles of Thera, who became king of Cyrene as Battus. For eight...
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Leptis
ancient city of Libya, E of Tripoli. It was founded (c.600 BC) by Phoenicians from Sidon. Annexed (46 BC) to the Roman province of Africa, it flourished as an important port under the Romans,...
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Mauretania
ancient district of Africa in Roman times. In a vague sense it meant only "the land of the Moors" and lay W of Numidia, but more specifically it usually included most of present-day N Morocco and W Algeria. The district was not the same as modern Mauritania. It was a complex of native tribal...
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Nubia
ancient state of NE Africa. At the height of its political power Nubia extended, from north to south, from the First Cataract of the Nile (near Aswan, Egypt) to Khartoum, in Sudan. It early came...
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Numidia
ancient country of NW Africa, very roughly the modern Algeria. It was part of the Carthaginian empire until Masinissa , ruler of E Numidia, allied himself (c.206 BC) with Rome in the Punic Wars. After the Roman victory over Carthage led to peace in 201 BC, Masinissa was awarded rule of all Numidia. This began Numidia's most flourishing period, culturally and politically. Numidia's...
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Pentapolis
[Gr.,=five cities], collective name anciently applied to several groups of five cities. The chief cities of Cyrenaica on the northern coast of Africa (Apollonia, Arsinoë, Berenice, Cyrene, and Ptolemaïs) were thus called from the 4th cent. BC to the 7th cent. AD Other cities so named were Rimini, Ancona, Fano,...
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Thapsus
ancient N African seaport, c.100 mi (161 km) SE of Carthage in what is now Tunisia. The last stronghold of Pompey's party, the town was besieged in 46 BC by Julius Caesar. There Metellus Pius Scipio...
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Timgad
ancient Thamugadi, ruined city, Algeria, S of Constantine. It is sometimes called the Pompeii of North Africa because of the extensive remains of the Roman city founded here by Trajan in AD 100. This city was destroyed by Berbers in the 7th cent. and was unknown until excavations were begun in 1881. Its Roman ruins, which include a triumphal arch, public baths, a theater, a...
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Utica
ancient N African city, c.25 mi (40 km) NW of Carthage. According to tradition, it was founded by Phoenicians from Tyre c.1100 BC Second in importance to Carthage, Utica usually allied itself with...
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Zama
ancient town near the northern coast of Africa, in present Tunisia. Although there was more than one town named Zama, tradition says that in 202 BC Scipio Africanus Major defeated Hannibal there...
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