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Documents for "Metallurgy and Mining: Biographies":

• Agricola, Georgius jôr´jēe egrĬk´ele , Latinized from Georg Bauer , 1494-1555, German physician and scientist, known as the father of mineralogy. He was a pioneer in physical geology and...

• Bauer, Georg see Agricola, Georgius.

• Bergman, Torbern Olof 1735-84, Swedish chemist, physicist, and mineralogist. A professor at the Univ. of Uppsala from 1758, he developed a theory of chemical affinity, made improvements in the methods of chemical...

• Bessemer, Sir Henry English engineer and inventor, b. Charleton, Hertfordshire. He made experiments to obtain stronger material for gun manufacture and discovered the basic principle of the Bessemer process. In 1856 he read before the British Association at Cheltenham his important paper "The Manufacture of Iron without Fuel." He built a successful converter and later erected the Bessemer Steel Works at Sheffield, which began to operate in 1859 and soon produced iron so cheaply that he could undersell his competitors. In...

• Biringuccio, Vannocio 1480-c.1539, Italian metallurgist. He is best known for his practical manual of metallurgy, De la pirotechnia (1540, tr. 1942). As a young man Biringuccio learned about metallurgy through visits to forges and foundries. He directed an iron mine and forge near Siena and was master of its arsenal and mint...

• Cort, Henry 1740-1800, English inventor. He revolutionized the British iron industry with his use of grooved rollers to finish iron, replacing the process of hammering, and through his invention of the...

• Cronstedt, Axel Fredrik, Baron 1722-65, Swedish mineralogist and chemist. In 1751 he discovered in niccolite an impure form of nickel, reported it as a newly discovered element, and proposed the name nickel for it. He was one...

• Haüy, René Just, Abbé 1743-1822, French mineralogist, an authority on crystals. He discovered the geometric law of crystallization and wrote many books and papers on crystallography. He was professor at the Museum of...

• Rose, Gustav 1798-1873, German mineralogist. He served as professor at the Univ. of Berlin from 1839. Noted especially as a crystallographer, he advanced the scientific study of rocks. His brother, Heinrich Rose,...