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tannin
tannin tannic acid, or gallotannic acid, astringent vegetable product found in a wide variety of plants. Sources include the bark of oak, hemlock, chestnut, and mangrove; the leaves of certain sumacs; and plant galls. Tannin is also present in tea, coffee, and walnuts. A solution of ta...
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gallic acid
gallic acid or 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid , C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 CO 2 H, colorless crystalline organic acid found in gallnuts, sumach, tea leaves, oak bark, and many other plants, both in its free state and as part of the tannin molecule (see tannin ). Since gallic acid has hydroxyl groups and a ca...
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bracken
bracken or brake, common name for a tall fern ( Pteridium aquilinum ) with large triangular fronds, widespread throughout the world, often as a weed. It is considered poisonous to livestock when eaten in quantity, but the rootstocks and the young shoots, cooked, are used for food. Bracken is al...
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Resistencia
Resistencia , city (1991 pop. 291,083), capital of Chaco prov., NE Argentina. It is the nucleus of an area of frontier settlements extending into the sparsely inhabited northwest. The city carries on a lively trade from its port, Barranqueras, on the Paraná River. Cotton, cattle, lumber, queb...
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cider
cider in Europe, fermented juice of apples; in the United States, unfermented apple juice, unless allowed to ferment, in which case it is known as hard cider. Selected apples are grated in a mill, and the juice is expressed and, for hard cider, fermented and filtered. The commercial product is usua...
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sumac
sumac or sumach , common name for some members of the Anacardiaceae, a family of trees and shrubs native chiefly to the tropics but ranging into north temperate regions and characterized by resinous, often acrid, sap. The sap of certain of these plants—especially poison ivy and related s...
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bark
bark outer covering of the stem of woody plants, composed of waterproof cork cells protecting a layer of food-conducting tissue—the phloem or inner bark (also called bast). As the woody stem increases in size (see cambium ), the outer bark of inelastic dead cork cells gives way in patterns c...
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chestnut
chestnut name for any species of the genus Castanea, deciduous trees of the family Fagaceae ( beech or oak family) widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. They are characterized by thin-shelled, sweet, edible nuts borne in a bristly bur. The common American chestnut, C. dentata, is nati...
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dogwood
dogwood or cornel , shrub or tree of the genus Cornus, chiefly of north temperate and tropical mountain regions, characteristically having an inconspicuous flower surrounded by large, showy bracts which are often mistaken for petals. This trait is evident in the flowering dogwood ( C. florida ...
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tanning
tanning process by which skins and hides are converted into leather . Vegetable tanning, a method requiring more than a month even with modern machinery and tanning liquors, employs tannin; its use is shown in Egyptian tomb paintings dating from 3000 BC Mineral tanning includes tawing, or alum tan...
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