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Romanian language
Romanian language member of the Romance group of the Italic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Romance languages ). It is spoken by about 22 million people in Romania, where it is the official language, by 3 million people in Moldova, and by perhaps another 1 million persons s...
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Iuliu Maniu
Iuliu Maniu , 1873-1951, Romanian politician, head of the Romanian National Peasants' party. Born in Transylvania, he helped to organize the Romanian national movement there before and during World War I. In 1918 he headed the Romanian provisional government. As premier (with one slight interruption...
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Dimitrie A. Sturza
Dimitrie A. Sturza , 1833-1914, Romanian statesman, of a prominent Moldavian family. With Ion Bratianu and Constantin Rosetti he helped bring about the abdication of Prince Alexander John Cuza in 1886 and established Carol I as his successor. After Bratianu's death (1891), Sturza was the recog...
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Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej , 1901-65, Romanian Communist leader, b. Moldavia. He joined the Communist party in 1930 and while in prison (1933-44) was elected (1936) to the central committee. Escaping in 1944, he became a leading figure in Romanian Communist politics. In 1945 he was elected secretary-gen...
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Ion Luca Caragiale
Ion Luca Caragiale , 1853-1912, Romanian playwright and author. Romania's foremost dramatist, his works sharply satirized Romanian society. His masterpiece, A Lost Letter (1884), describes a provincial government election won by a blackmailer. Other plays include Carnival Adventures (1885) and ...
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Gyula
Gyula , town (1991 est. pop. 34,154), SE Hungary, on the White Koros River near the Romanian border. It is an agricultural center and has a fine château and a 14th-century castle. Ferenc Erkel, composer of the Hungarian national anthem, was born in Gyula.
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Georges Enesco
Georges Enesco , Rom. George Enescu, 1881-1955, Romanian violinist, composer, and conductor; studied at the Vienna Conservatory and in Paris with Massenet , Fauré , and others. Enesco made many worldwide concert tours as both violinist and conductor, including appearances with the New Yor...
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Nicolae Ceauşescu
Nicolae Ceauşescu , 1918-89, Romanian statesman. The son of a peasant, he early became active in the Romanian Communist movement and was arrested as a revolutionary; he spent the late 1930s and early 40s in prison, where he became acquainted with the future first secretary of the Romanian Commu...
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Carol I
Carol I 1839-1914, prince (1866-81) and first king (1881-1914) of Romania, of the house of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He is also called Charles I. A Prussian officer, he was elected to succeed the deposed Alexander John Cuza as prince of Romania. He reformed the Romanian constitution and laid the gr...
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Treaty of Neuilly
Treaty of Neuilly , 1919, peace treaty concluded between the Allies and Bulgaria after World War I. It was signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Bulgaria ceded part of W Thrace to Greece and several border areas to Yugoslavia; S Dobruja was confirmed in Romanian possession. Reparations were required,...
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