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Bertha (Gräfin Kinsky) Suttner, Freifrau von
Bertha (Gräfin Kinsky) Suttner, Freifrau von , 1843-1914, Austrian novelist, known chiefly as an ardent pacifist. Her pacifist novel Die Waffen nieder (1889, tr. Lay Down Your Arms, 1892) had great social impact. Through her subsequent friendship with Alfred Nobel, she influenced him to est...
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David Low Dodge
David Low Dodge 1774-1852, American merchant and pacifist, b. Brooklyn, Conn. In 1815 he founded the New York Peace Society, possibly the first such organization to be established. In 1828 other peace societies joined with it to form the American Peace Society; Dodge served as a director and as a m...
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pacifism
pacifism advocacy of opposition to war through individual or collective action against militarism. Although complete, enduring peace is the goal of all pacifism, the methods of achieving it differ. Some groups oppose international war but advocate revolution for suppressed nationalities; others are...
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Sir William Randal Cremer
Sir William Randal Cremer , 1828-1908, English pacifist. At first active in trade unionism, he gradually expanded his work and interests, becoming one of the most active advocates of international arbitration. In 1871 he became secretary of the Workmen's Peace Association, a position he held until h...
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Alfred Henry Love
Alfred Henry Love 1830-1913, American pacifist, b. Philadelphia. Love, a Quaker, remained firm in his principles at the outbreak of the Civil War, refusing even to hire a substitute when he was drafted; he set forth his position in An Appeal in Vindication of Peace Principles (1862). With others ...
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Jeannette Rankin
Jeannette Rankin 1880-1973, American pacifist, b. Missoula, Mont. She was active in social work and campaigned for woman suffrage. A Republican, she was the first woman in the United States to serve (1917-19) in Congress and also was (1941-43) a member of the 77th Congress. She voted against the de...
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Tristan Tzara
Tristan Tzara , 1896-1963, French writer, b. Romania. He studied at the Univ. of Zürich, where he and his friends formulated the dadaist movement initially as a pacifist statement (see Dada ). His theories are expressed in Sept manifestes dada [seven dadaist manifestos] (1924). Tzara moved t...
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conscientious objector
conscientious objector person who, on the grounds of conscience, resists the authority of the state to compel military service. Such resistance, emerging in time of war, may be based on membership in a pacifistic religious sect, such as the Society of Friends (Quakers), the Dukhobors , or Jehov...
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Randolph Silliman Bourne
Randolph Silliman Bourne , 1886-1918, American author, b. Bloomfield, N.J., grad. Columbia Univ., 1912. His critical examination of the American way of life established him as a spokesman for his generation. The books he wrote on progressive education, The Gary Schools (1916) and Education and Li...
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Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz
Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz , 1867-1945, German graphic artist and sculptor. She first gained a reputation with her illustrations for Hauptmann's Weavers and Zola's Germinal. Kollwitz became known for her superb woodcuts and lithographs. An ardent socialist and pacifist, she produced stark and a...
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