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Topics related to "caliphate"

caliphate
caliphate , the rulership of Islam; caliph , the spiritual head and temporal ruler of the Islamic state. In principle, Islam is theocratic: when Muhammad died, a caliph [Arab.,=successor] was chosen to rule in his place. The caliph had temporal and spiritual authority but was not permitted prop... Read more
Abbasid
Abbasid or Abbaside , Arab family descended from Abbas , the uncle of Muhammad. The Abbasids held the caliphate from 749 to 1258, but they were recognized neither in Spain nor (after 787) W of Egypt. Under the Umayyad caliphs the Abbasids lived quietly until they became involved in numerous d... Read more
Umar
Umar or Omar , c.581-644, 2d caliph (see caliphate ). At first hostile to Islam, he was converted by 618, becoming an adviser to Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr as caliph without opposition in 634. In his reign Islam became an imperial power. The Muslim generals pushed conquests far and wide&... Read more
Uthman
Uthman or Othman , c.574-656, 3d caliph (644-56), also known as Uthman ibn al-Affan; son-in-law of Muhammad . He belonged to the great Umayyad family and was selected as caliph after the murder of Umar . Muslim conquests were continued and extended to Bactria and Cyprus. To strengthen his co... Read more
Barmakids
Barmakids or Barmecides , Persian-descended religious family from Khorasan . They served as viziers to the Abbasid caliphs in the 8th cent. Khalid ibn Barmak, d. 782?, supported the revolution that brought about Abbasid rule. He was given certain ministerial powers, such as tax collecting a... Read more
Abd al-Malik
Abd al-Malik , c.646-705, 5th Umayyad caliph (685-705); son of Marwan I. At his accession, Islam was torn by dissension and threatened by the Byzantine Empire. With the help of his able general al-Hajjaj, Abd al-Malik overthrew the rival caliphs and united Islam. His battles with Byzantine forces ... Read more
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr , 573-634, 1st caliph, friend, father-in-law, and successor of Muhammad. He was probably Muhammad's first convert outside the Prophet's family and alone accompanied Muhammad on the Hegira. The marriage of Abu Bakr's daughter Aishah to Muhammad made the ties even stronger. On the Prophet's... Read more
Fatimid
Fatimid or Fatimite , dynasty claiming to hold the caliphate on the basis of descent from Fatima , a daughter of Muhammad the Prophet. In doctrine the Fatimids were related to other Shiite sects. The dynasty's founder, Said ibn Husayn of NE Syria, was long engaged in religious activity. A fol... Read more
Harun al-Rashid
Harun al-Rashid [Arab.,=Aaron the Upright], c.764-809, 5th and most famous Abbasid caliph (786-809). He succeeded his brother Musa al-Hadi, fourth caliph, a year after the death of his father, Mahdi, the third caliph. In his youth he had been very successful as a general in invasions of Asia Mino... Read more
Ali
Ali (Ali ibn Abu Talib), 598?-661, 4th caliph (656-61). The debate over his right to the caliphate caused a major split in Islam into Sunni and Shiite branches, and he is regarded by the Shiites as the first Imam, or leader: Shiite derives from the phrase shi-at Ali [Ar.=the party of Ali]. ... Read more

Encyclopedia entries related to "caliphate"

Caliphate
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa CALIPHATE the caliph was the temporal and spiritual ruler of islam until the...had been maintained as a dependent figurehead. Nationalism and the Caliphate The caliphate signified the ideal of pan-Islamic unity and solidarity and served...
caliphate
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition caliphate , the rulership of Islam; caliph , the...749-1258) is sometimes called the caliphate of Baghdad. One Umayyad, Abd ar-Rahman...set up in 780. This later became the caliphate of Córdoba, or the Western...
Sokoto Caliphate
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Sokoto Caliphate see Usuman dan Fodio .
Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography ...between the two claimants to the caliphate ended only by Ali's murder...the two was entitled to the caliphate. Once Muawiya had persuaded...renounce his claim to the caliphate, Muawiya's own position...period of civil strife in the caliphates of Othman and Ali, were renewed...
Arabs
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences ...translated into Arabic during the Abbasid caliphate, and because the new Arab-centered...Islam throughout the region, the Umayyad caliphate, which lasted from 661 to 750 and was...over it. With the rise of the Abbasid caliphate in 750, the Muslim ruling elites became...
Abbasid
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...uncle of Muhammad. The Abbasids held the caliphate from 749 to 1258, but they were recognized...reign there were rival caliphs (see caliphate ). In 836 the capital was transferred...the later Abbasids, the power of the caliphate became chiefly spiritual. Many independent...
Islamic Congresses
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa ...culminated in a call for a restored Arab caliphate, an idea then in vogue in reformist...in Mecca to support his claim to the caliphate — a maneuver that failed to...clerics of alAzhar in Cairo convened a caliphate congress there in 1926 to consider the...
Shiʿism
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa ...community. Soon after the accession of Ali to the caliphate, Mu ʿ awiya, governor of Syria, kinsman...movement originating in Khorasan toppled the Umayyad caliphate. Succession to the caliphate passed to the Abbasids, a Hashimite branch named...
Fatimid
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...or Fatimite , dynasty claiming to hold the caliphate on the basis of descent from Fatima , a daughter...name Ubaidallah (Obaidallah) and set up a caliphate in opposition to the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad. His execution of Al-Shii caused...
Iraqi Americans
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America ...Iraq subsequently became a province of the Muslim caliphate (A caliphate is the highest office within the structure of Islamic...Shortly after the ninth century, however, the caliphate began to disintegrate. Mongols led by Hulegu, the...

Dictionary entries related to "caliphate"

caliphate
Book article from: A Dictionary of World History caliphate Formerly, the central ruling office...years, and in North Africa a Shiite caliphate arose under the FATIMIDS , the imams...the Mongols sacked Baghdad in 1258 the caliphate, now only a name, passed to the MAMELUKE...
Caliphate Movement
Book article from: A Dictionary of Contemporary World History Caliphate Movement, see Khilifat Movement
Abū Maʿshar Al-Balkhī, Jaʿfar Ibn Muḥammad
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...A ḥ naf ibn Qays during the caliphate of ʿ Uthm ā n (644...his practice of astrology, during the caliphate of al-Musta ʿ ī n...Baghdad, probably at the beginning of the Caliphate of al-Ma ʾ m ū n...
Al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ṭarkhān Ibn Awzalagh
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...acknowledged as his main teacher. In the caliphate of al-Mu ‘ tadi ḍ...that existed in that language. In the caliphate of al-Mu ‘ ta ḍ id (902 – 908) or early in the caliphate of al-Muqtadir (908 – 932...
ʿAbd al-Rāziq, ʿAlī
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions ...caused a sensation in 1825. Responding to the demise of the Ottoman Caliphate the previous year, he claimed that Islam had never been essentially political, that the Caliphate was dispensable, and that Islam was a purely spiritual loyalty.
Islamic Monarchy
Dictionary entry from: New Dictionary of the History of Ideas ...only in 661 at the accession of Mu'awiya that the Umayyad caliphate (661 – 750) became the first Islamic dynastic...it may be said that the Umayyads managed to restrict the caliphate to their own family, forming a dynasty of kings whose political...
Ottoman empire
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions ...x101;sid caliph, al-Mutawakkil III, had relinquished the caliphate to his family. The first signs of decline came in 1571 (AH 979...Turks’): the sultanate was abolished in 1922, the caliphate in 1924.
Abū’l-Wafāʾ Al-Būzjānī, Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn Yaḥyā Ibn Ismāʿīl Ibn Al-ʿAbbās
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...moved to Baghdad, which was then the capital of the Eastern Caliphate. There he became the last great representative of the mathematics...in business circles and among the population of the Eastern Caliphate for a long time. Considering the habits of the readers for...
ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAṣ
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions ...an envoy to Oman where he met with great success. His real fame rests as the conqueror of Egypt during ʿUmar's caliphate. He held Egypt by his political skills and even seems to have gained the support of the Coptic Church . At the battle of...
Khalīfa
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions ...first four khulafāʾ are known as arRāshidūn, the upright or rightly guided. The Caliphate was assumed by the Ottoman Turkish rulers (sultāns) as a title, and it was abolished in the secularizing reforms...

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

The Caliphate: One nation, under Allah, with 1.5 billion Muslims.(WORLD)
Newspaper article from: The Christian Science Monitor; 5/10/2006; 700+ words ; ...single Islamic state, known as "the Caliphate," that would stretch from Indonesia...are saying they want to recreate the Caliphate, people are taking them seriously...service to the ideal of reestablishing the Caliphate, leaving less ideological space for...
Slavery, Commerce and Production in the Sokoto Caliphate of West Africa
Magazine article from: African Studies Review; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...Commerce and Production in the Sokoto Caliphate of West Africa. Trenton, N.J...major essays on slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate, the largest state in nineteenth-century...production, and development in the Sokoto Caliphate and central Sudan generally in the nineteenth...
Watchword of the day: Beware the caliphate White House Letter
Newspaper article from: International Herald Tribune; 12/12/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...the nation's top guns these days is caliphate the term for the seventh-century Islamic...of resonance when they use the term 'caliphate,''' said Kenneth Pollack, a former...goal is the re-establishment of the caliphate, with calamitous consequences for the...
War on the Savannah: The Military Collapse of the Sokoto Caliphate under the Invasion of the British Empire, 1897-1903.(Review)
Magazine article from: Journal of World History; 9/22/2001; ; 700+ words ; ...The Military Collapse of the Sokoto Caliphate under the Invasion of the British Empire...chronicling the British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate of Northern Nigeria, Risto Marjomaa...of the twentieth century, the Sokoto Caliphate of Northern Nigeria was the largest of...
Commentary: Bush administration misuses the word `caliphate'
Transcript from: NPR Morning Edition; 1/4/2006; ; 622 words ; ...establish a totalitarian caliphate stretching all the...Arab history. The caliphates of Medina, Baghdad...the leaders of the caliphate were called, were...Qaeda ruling a true caliphate from Indonesia to Spain...Islam, slurring the caliphates of Arab history is...
The Caliphate in the West: An Islamic Political Institution in the Iberian Peninsula.
Magazine article from: The Historian; 1/1/1994; ; 700+ words ; ...evidence of the abolition of the caliphate or of any drastic consequences...that the cessation of the caliphate would have engendered. On...signals the end of the western caliphate. On a broader level, this...Ummayad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates. Such inquiries would undoubtedly...
Caliph Wanted; Why An old Islamic institution resonates with many Muslims today.(Islamic caliphate)
Magazine article from: U.S. News & World Report; 1/14/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...their violent struggle is to restore the Islamic caliphate, the system of political-religious leadership...Muslim countries in a single Islamic state or caliphate. The idea of the caliphate is a poorly understood, vaguely threatening...
Colonialism within colonialism: the Hausa-Caliphate imaginary and the British colonial administration of the Nigerian Middle Belt.(Report)
Magazine article from: African Studies Quarterly; 9/22/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...the origins and development of a Hausa-Caliphate imaginary in the intertwinements of caliphate and British discourses and its subtle entry...envisioned to normalize and spread this Hausa-Caliphate socio-cultural and political model to the...
Pak banned outfits campaign for establishment of Caliphate.
News Wire article from: PTI - The Press Trust of India Ltd.; 3/3/2007; 700+ words ; ...outfits campaign for establishment of Caliphate Islamabad Mar 3(PTI) Some of the banned...preaching their version of an Islamic caliphate outside some of the Lahore mosques after...plans to reinstate the institution of the Caliphate in Islam which existed 1,400 years...
War on the Savannah: The Military Collapse of the Sokoto Caliphate Under the Invasion of the British Empire, 1897-1903.(Review)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of History; 8/1/2000; ; 700+ words ; ...The Military Collapse of the Sokoto Caliphate Under the Invasion of the British Empire...populous territorial state, the Sokoto Caliphate, was violently incorporated into the...growing British empire in West Africa. The caliphate subsequently emerged as the most dominant...