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Topics related to "benzene"

benzene
benzene , colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor. It boils at 80.1°C and solidifies at 5.5°C. Benzene is a hydrocarbon , with formula C 6 H 6 . The simplest picture of the benzene molecule, proposed by the German chemist Friedrich Kekulé (1865), is a hexagon... Read more
phenyl
phenyl , C 6 H 5 , organic free radical or alkyl group derived from benzene by removing one hydrogen atom. ... Read more
naphthalene
naphthalene , colorless, crystalline, solid aromatic hydrocarbon with a pungent odor. It melts at 80°C, boils at 218°C, and sublimes upon heating. It is insoluble in water, somewhat soluble in ethanol, soluble in benzene, and very soluble in ether, chloroform, or carbon disulfide. Naphthalen... Read more
aromatic compound
aromatic compound any of a large class of compounds that includes benzene and compounds that resemble benzene in certain of their chemical properties. Originally applied to a small class of pleasant-smelling chemicals derived from vegetables, it now encompasses a wide diversity of compounds with ... Read more
nitrobenzene
nitrobenzene C 6 H 5 NO 2 , very poisonous, flammable, pale yellow, liquid aromatic compound with an odor like that of bitter almonds. It is sometimes called oil of mirbane or nitrobenzol. Nitrobenzene melts at 5.85°C, boils at 210.9°C, is only slightly soluble in water, but is very soluble... Read more
phenol
phenol , C 6 H 5 OH, a colorless, crystalline solid that melts at about 41°C, boils at 182°C, and is soluble in ethanol and ether and somewhat soluble in water. An aromatic alcohol , it exhibits weak acidic properties and is corrosive and poisonous. Phenol is sometimes called carbolic acid,... Read more
coal tar
coal tar product of the destructive distillation of bituminous coal. Coal tar can be distilled into many fractions to yield a number of useful organic products, including benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. These substances, called the coal-tar crudes, form the star... Read more
buckminsterfullerene
buckminsterfullerene or buckyball, C 60 , hollow cage carbon molecule named for R. Buckminster Fuller because of the resemblance of its molecular structure to his geodesic domes. Although buckminsterfullerene (C 60 ) was originally detected in soot in 1985, isolation was first reported in 1... Read more
cyclic compound
cyclic compound any one of a class of compounds whose molecules contain a number of atoms bonded together to form a closed chain or ring. If all of the atoms that form the ring are carbon, the compound is said to be carbocyclic; if not, the compound is called heterocyclic. Cyclohexane and benzene a... Read more
paraffin
paraffin white, more-or-less translucent, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid. It melts between 47°C and 65°C and is insoluble in water but soluble in ether, benzene, and certain esters. Paraffin is unaffected by most common chemical reagents but burns readily in air. Obtained from petroleum du... Read more

Encyclopedia entries related to "benzene"

Benzene
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Public Health BENZENE Benzene is a ubiquitous component of the petrochemical era. Present in crude petroleum, benzene is produced from the combustion of fossil fuels. It has been known to...
benzene
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition benzene , colorless, flammable, toxic liquid with a...deg;C and solidifies at 5.5°C. Benzene is a hydrocarbon , with formula C 6 H 6 . The simplest picture of the benzene molecule, proposed by the German chemist Friedrich...
benzene hexachloride
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition benzene hexachloride see insecticides .
dimethyl benzene
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition dimethyl benzene see xylene .
1,2,3-trihydroxy- benzene
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition 1,2,3-trihydroxy- benzene IUPAC name for pyrogallol. See gallic acid .
Phenyl Group
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science ...organic molecule that is derived from a benzene molecule, C 6 H 6 , by removal of a hydrogen atom. The term phenyl is used when a benzene ring is connected to a chain of six or...the compound is named as a substituted benzene. The phenyl group can be abbreviated...
SIC 2865 Cyclic Organic Crudes and Intermediates and Organic Dyes and Pigments
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of American Industries ...include (1) aromatic chemicals such as benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, and naphthalene...for organic materials. For example, benzene, styrene, and mixed xylenes saturated...chemicals used to create intermediates are benzene, xylene, and toluene. These three chemicals...
aromatic compound
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...any of a large class of compounds that includes benzene and compounds that resemble benzene in certain of their chemical properties. Originally...smell. Common aromatic compounds other than benzene include toluene, naphthalene, and anthracene...
ethanol
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...obtained by simple distillation. However, if benzene is added to 95% ethanol, a ternary azeotrope of benzene, ethanol, and water, with boiling point...be removed from 95% ethanol by adding benzene and distilling off this azeotrope. Because...
aryl group
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition aryl group , in chemistry, group of atoms derived from benzene or from a benzene derivative by removing one hydrogen that is bonded to the benzene ring (see radical ). The simplest aryl group is phenyl, C 6 H 5 &thinsp...

Dictionary entries related to "benzene"

benzene
Book article from: A Dictionary of Nursing benzene ( ben -zeen) n. a toxic liquid hydrocarbon. Continued inhalation of benzene vapour may result in aplastic anaemia or a form of leukaemia. Formula: C 6 H 6 .
benzene ring
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English ben·zene ring • n. Chem. the hexagonal unsaturated ring of six carbon atoms present in benzene and many other aromatic molecules.
Baeyer Adolf Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...Baeyer to investigate the structure of benzene. He started with mellitic acid, which he showed was a benzene derivative rather than an alkyne, as...then investigated the carboxylic acids of benzene and found one new tricarboxylic and two...
Couper, Archibald Scott
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...publication — on the bromination of benzene — appeared in August 1857...experimental paper he sought a way to convert benzene, C 6 H 6 , into the corresponding hydroxy...with potassium hydroxide. Couper reacted benzene with bromine and isolated two new compounds...
Ladenburg, Albert
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...Kekul é ’ s formula for benzene and suggested alternatives, including...University of Kiel in 1872 and, continuing his benzene researches, showed only three disubstitution products of benzene are possible, only one pentachlorobenzene...
Claus, Adolf Carl Ludwig
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...Claus fought for his structural formula of benzene against the rival representations of Kekule...proposed his hexagonal ring structure for benzene. In attempting to solve the problem of...fourth valence of each carbon atom in the benzene ring. Kekule suggested an arrangement...
Loschmidt, Johann Joseph
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...ringshaped chain formula of carbon atoms for benzene, but he expressly rejected the assumption...in abeyance. In his representation of benzene derivatives, for which he gave 121 graphical formulas, Loschmidt represented the benzene as a hexavalent nucleus by means of a...
Dewar, James
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...seven different structural formulas for benzene, including the diagonal formula and the...nitrogen atom for a CH residue in the benzene ring: He also suggested that quinoline ’ s structure consisted of fused benzene and pyridine rings. Dewar ’...
Gomberg, Moses
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...reaction mixture for several hours at the boiling point of the benzene solvent. The crystalline product was assumed to be hexaphenylethane...solution indicated that a reaction had occurred. Removal of the benzene solvent left a colorless solid of unexpectedly high reactivity...
Remsen, Ira
Dictionary entry from: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography ...him to Remsen ’ s law that groups attached to the benzene ring in the ortho position protect paramethyl, paraethyl...Leipzig, to continue the study of the oxidation of substituted benzene rings. Remsen had shown that ortho groups could be oxidized...

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

Benzene prices resist upward push from crude oil.
Magazine article from: Purchasing; 2/14/2008; 700+ words ; ...After hitting record highs last May, benzene prices have since retreated, even though...lackluster U.S. demand for some of benzene's downstream products during late 2007, which kept benzene prices in check, even as oil rose. The...
Benzene's adverse effects: microarrays reveal breadth of toxicity.(Science Selections)
Magazine article from: Environmental Health Perspectives; 8/15/2003; ; 700+ words ; Benzene is both widely used and widely studied...understand the genetic mechanisms behind benzene's hematotoxicity and leukemogenicity...found, among other discoveries, that benzene may perturb cell cycling that is mediated...
Benzene-induced Cancers: Abridged History and Occupational Health Impact
Magazine article from: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health; 4/1/2007; ; 700+ words ; Benzene-induced cancer in humans was first reported...humans. Nonetheless, shortly thereafter benzene was shown to be carcinogenic to multiple...paper presents a condensed history of the benzene bioassay story with mention of benzene...
Benzene, styrene are firm on supply constraints.(Petrochemicals)
Magazine article from: Chemical Market Reporter; 9/1/2003; ; 700+ words ; ...world have conspired to drive up prices of benzene and styrene. A number of turnarounds in the US and elsewhere should keep benzene prices high throughout the next few months. In the past month, both benzene and styrene prices have increased due...
BENZENE CREATES PROBLEM IN OREGON
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 7/21/2008; 700+ words ; ...are breathing air contaminated with benzene, a known carcinogen, at levels up...tougher federal standards for reducing benzene from Oregon's fuel supply, and considering new rules to eliminate most benzene emissions at your local gas station...
Benzene prices are down, but demand is well off historical norms.
Magazine article from: Purchasing; 2/12/2009; ; 700+ words ; ...perfect storm of economic events has driven benzene prices down to their lowest levels in...right now. A main cause of the declining benzene prices is the recent plunge in crude oil...recession-linked drop in demand for benzene's downstream products such as styrene...
Benzene World Market Outlook 2009.
M2 Presswire; 9/1/2009; 692 words ; ...September 2009-Research and Markets: Benzene World Market Outlook 2009(C)1994...researchandmarkets.com/research/ba5a80/benzene_world_mark) has announced the addition of the "Benzene World Market Outlook 2009" report to their...
Benzene Plunges On Oversupply Due to PS Cuts.(polystyrene)(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Chemical Market Reporter; 6/4/2001; ; 700+ words ; BENZENE PRICES have been dropping steeply in Western Europe because...polystyrene production. Forecasters are predicting that benzene buyers will continue to enjoy low average benzene prices for much of the rest of the decade because of the...
Benzene in beverages.
Magazine article from: FDA Consumer; 9/1/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...the beverage industry to ensure that benzene levels in soft drinks and other beverages are as low as possible. Benzene is a chemical used in dyes and detergents...results from burning coal and oil. Benzene may be produced in soft drinks and other...
Benzene Pricing Continues to Weaken.
Magazine article from: Chemical Market Reporter; 3/8/1999; ; 700+ words ; ...increased production and imports. THE US BENZENE MARKET continues to slide. March contracts...turnarounds and depressed energy prices. Benzene contracts, which slipped to 72 cents...1/11/99, pg. 5). Since then, benzene inventories have risen, renewing the...