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atomism
atomism philosophic concept of the nature of the universe, holding that the universe is composed of invisible, indestructible material particles. The theory was first advanced in the 5th cent. BC by Leucippus and was elaborated by Democritus. Epicurus restated the doctrine, giving the atoms weight....
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atom
atom [Gr.,=uncuttable (indivisible)], basic unit of matter ; more properly, the smallest unit of a chemical element having the properties of that element.
Structure of the Atom
The atom consists of a central, positively charged core, the nucleus , and negatively charged particles call...
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atomic number
atomic number often represented by the symbol Z, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom , as well as the number of electrons in the neutral atom. Atoms with the same atomic number make up a chemical element . Atomic numbers were first assigned to the elements c.1913 by H. G. J. Mos...
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atomic mass
atomic mass the mass of a single atom , usually expressed in atomic mass units (amu). Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the protons and neutrons contained in the nucleus. Each proton or neutron weighs about 1 amu, and thus the atomic mass is always very close to the mass number (t...
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atomic weight
atomic weight mean (weighted average) of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of a chemical element , as contrasted with atomic mass , which is the mass of any individual isotope. Although the first atomic weights were calculated at the beginning of the 19th cent., it was not unti...
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atomic clock
atomic clock electric or electronic timekeeping device that is controlled by atomic or molecular oscillations. A timekeeping device must contain or be connected to some apparatus that oscillates at a uniform rate to control the rate of movement of its hands or the rate of change of its digits. Mech...
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atomic bomb
atomic bomb or A-bomb, weapon deriving its explosive force from the release of atomic energy through the fission (splitting) of heavy nuclei (see nuclear energy ). The first atomic bomb was produced at the Los Alamos, N.Mex., laboratory and successfully tested on July 16, 1945. This was the cu...
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atomic mass unit
atomic mass unit or amu, in chemistry and physics, unit defined as exactly 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12, the isotope of carbon with six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus. One amu is equal to approximately 1.66 × 10 -24 grams.
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Atomic Energy Commission
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), former U.S. government commission created by the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 and charged with the development and control of the U.S. atomic energy program following World War II. At the time, debate centered around the question of whether the commission should be pred...
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International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency intergovernmental organization established in 1957 under the aegis of the United Nations to promote the peaceful uses of atomic energy. Its headquarters are in Vienna. It may purchase and sell fissionable materials, offer technical assistance for peaceful nuclear ...
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