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Topics related to "acidity"

oxalic acid
oxalic acid or ethanedioic acid , HO 2 CCO 2 H, a colorless, crystalline organic carboxylic acid that melts at 189°C with sublimation. Oxalic acid and oxalate salts are poisonous. Oxalic acid is found in many plants, e.g., sorrel and rhubarb, usually as its calcium or potassium salts. Oxalic... Read more
fatty acid
fatty acid any of the organic carboxylic acids present in fats and oils as esters of glycerol . Molecular weights of fatty acids vary over a wide range. The carbon skeleton of any fatty acid is unbranched. Some fatty acids are saturated, i.e., each carbon atom is connected to its carbon atom nei... Read more
fumaric acid
fumaric acid or trans -butenedioic acid, HO 2 CCH[symbol]CHCO 2 H, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid that melts at 287°C. Maleic acid, or cis -butenedioic acid, is a geometric isomer of fumaric acid; it melts at about 140°C. Of the two isomers fumaric acid is the more stable and can be ... Read more
gallic acid
gallic acid or 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid , C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 CO 2 H, colorless crystalline organic acid found in gallnuts, sumach, tea leaves, oak bark, and many other plants, both in its free state and as part of the tannin molecule (see tannin ). Since gallic acid has hydroxyl groups and a ca... Read more
carbonic acid
carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 , a weak dibasic acid (see acids and bases ) formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water; it exists only in solution. Carbonic acid forms carbonate and bicarbonate (or acid carbonate) salts (see carbonate ) by reaction with bases. It contributes to the sharp taste of ca... Read more
glutamic acid
glutamic acid , organic compound, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. Only the l -stereoisomer occurs in mammalian proteins. Like aspartic acid , glutamic acid has an acidic carboxyl group on its side chain which can serve as both an acceptor and a donor of ammonia, a ... Read more
butyric acid
butyric acid or butanoic acid , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H, viscous, foul-smelling, liquid carboxylic acid; m.p. about -5°C; b.p. 163.5°C. It is miscible with water, ethanol, and ether. It is a low molecular weight fatty acid that is present in butter as an ester of glycerol; the odor of ra... Read more
formic acid
formic acid or methanoic acid , HCO 2 H, a colorless, corrosive liquid with a sharp odor; it boils at 100.7°C and solidifies at 8.4°C. It has the lowest molecular weight and is the simplest of the carboxylic acids. Functionally, it is both an acid and an aldehyde. Like other acids, it re... Read more
boric acid
boric acid any one of the three chemical compounds, orthoboric (or boracic) acid, metaboric acid, and tetraboric (or pyroboric) acid; the term often refers simply to orthoboric acid. The acids may be thought of as hydrates of boric oxide, B 2 O 3 . Orthoboric acid, H 3 BO 3 or B 2 O 3 ·3H 2... Read more
phosphoric acid
phosphoric acid any one of three chemical compounds made up of phosphorus , oxygen, and hydrogen (see acids and bases ). The most common, orthophosphoric acid, H 3 PO 4 , is usually simply called phosphoric acid. Two molecules of it are formed by adding three molecules of water, H 2 O, to one mol... Read more

Encyclopedia entries related to "acidity"

acid rain
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth ...identified were a rapid increase in the acidity of European rainfall, a parallel increase in the acidity of Swedish rivers and lakes, a decline...natural and polluting substances have on the acidity of rainfall it is essential to start with...
Acid Rain
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Public Health ...primary anthropogenic source of airborne acidity is the burning of fossil fuels. Coal...statistically significant reductions in the acidity (represented by hydrogen ion content...New England lakes. In contrast, the acidity levels of the majority of Adirondack lakes...
Nitrification
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science ...nitrification are highly sensitive to acidity, so this process does not occur at significant...Nitrobacter is somewhat more sensitive to acidity and some other stresses than Nitrosomonas...nitrification is a process that actually generates acidity, equivalent to two H + ions for every...
Wine, Nongrape
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Food and Culture ...chaptalization. A winemaker also needs to control acidity since fruit and vegetables are often deficient...citrus and some berries may be too high in acidity, a defect that can be corrected by the...simple. Most have adequate to excess acidity and juice/wine yields are acceptable...
Esophageal Function Tests
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers ...monitoring. This test measures changes in the acidity of the esophagus, and is valuable for...been designed to monitor the level of acidity over a 24-hour period, usually in the...in the esophagus to record changes in acidity. After the study, a computer is used...
Lactose Intolerance
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Children's Health: Infancy through Adolescence ...lactose tolerance test, the hydrogen breath test, or the stool acidity test. Each of these can be performed as an outpatient in a...from diarrhea in those who are lactose intolerant. The stool acidity test measures the amount of acid in the stool. This is a safe...
mine drainage
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Earth ...example,Zn 2+ + H 2 O = ZnOH + + H + . This reaction generates acidity (H + ). Breakdown of pyrite, FeS 2 , a common sulphide mineral...metals can therefore be dissolved in such drainage. When the acidity of these fluids is decreased, for example by mixing with river...
Intestinal Flora
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Food and Culture ...that salmonellae generally are susceptible to destruction by acidity of the stomach, and few survive to enter the intestines where...Shigellae, on the other hand, are able to withstand the acidity of our gastric juices and arrive in the intestine viable and...
starvation
Book article from: The Oxford Companion to the Body ...altered metabolism puts an additional load on the kidneys to deal with H + excretion; the acidity also stimulates breathing, helpfully counteracting acidity by the excretion of more carbon dioxide , but imposing extra breathing work on a weakening...
Urinalysis
Encyclopedia entry from: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed. ...temperature. Blood cells begin to dissolve and the urine loses its acidity. VISUAL EXAMINATION. A doctor, nurse, or laboratory technician...specific substances. Dipsticks can be used to measure the acidity of the urine (its pH) or the presence of blood, protein...

Dictionary entries related to "acidity"

acidity
Book article from: A Dictionary of Nursing acidity (ă- sid -iti) n. the state of being acid. The degree of acidity of a solution is measured on the pH scale (see pH ).
acidity regulators
Book article from: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition acidity regulators See buffers .
pH
Book article from: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences ...concentration of a solution increases, as happens with increasing acidity, the pH will decrease, and vice versa. The pH is measured...indicate relative alkalinity, numbers below 7 indicate relative acidity. Most pH values in natural systems lie in the range 4...
acid soil
Book article from: A Dictionary of Ecology ...acid soil Soil that has a pH less than 7.0. Degrees of soil acidity are recognized. Soil is regarded as ‘very acid...than pH 5.0. The USDA lists five standard ranges of soil acidity (less than pH 4.5, extremely acid; 4.5–5...
lime
Book article from: A Dictionary of Plant Sciences lime 1. See CITRUS 2. ( linden ) See TILIA . 3. Compounds mostly of calcium carbonates, but also other basic (alkaline) substances, used to correct soil acidity and occasionally as a fertilizer to supply magnesium.
peat
Book article from: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences ...peatforming plants. Fen and bog peats differ considerably. In fen peats the presence of calcium in the groundwater neutralizes acidity, often leading to the disappearance of plant structure, giving a black, structureless peat. Bog peats, formed in much...
extremozyme
Book article from: A Dictionary of Plant Sciences extremozyme One of a range of enzymes, present in extremophiles , that continue to function at temperatures, salinities, acidities, or alkalinities at which other enzymes would fail.
malic acid
Book article from: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition malic acid Organic acid occurring in many fruits, particularly in apples, tomatoes and plums. Used as a food additive to increase acidity.
methaemoglobin
Book article from: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition ...methaemoglobinaemia). It can be formed in the blood of babies after consumption of the small amounts of nitrate found naturally in vegetables and in some drinking water, since the lack of acidity in the stomach permits reduction of nitrate to nitrite.
conditioning of meat
Book article from: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition conditioning of meat After slaughter, the muscle glycogen is broken down to lactic acid , and this acidity gradually improves the texture and keeping qualities of the meat. When all the changes have occured, the meat is ‘conditioned’. See also rigor mortis .

Thesaurus entries related to "acidity"

bitterness
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Thesaurus of Current English bitterness • noun   1. the bitterness of the medicine synonyms : acidity, pungency, acridity, tartness, sourness, vinegariness, acerbity. See bitter 1.   2. the bitterness of the old...
indigestion
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Thesaurus of Current English indigestion • noun   synonyms : dyspepsia, hyperacidity, acidity, heartburn, pyrosis; upset stomach, stomach ache; inf. tummy ache.
inverse
Book article from: The Oxford American Writers Thesaurus inverse • adjective  inverse snobbery. See reverse adjective sense 2. • noun  alkalinity is the inverse of acidity. See opposite noun .
edge
Book article from: The Oxford American Writers Thesaurus ...middle.   2. she had an edge in her voice synonyms : sharpness, severity, bite, sting, asperity, acerbity, acidity, trenchancy; sarcasm, acrimony, malice, spite, venom. antonym: kindness.   3. they have an edge over their...
keenness
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Thesaurus of Current English ...brightness, intelligence, canniness. See keen adjective 3.   4. the keenness of her wit synonyms : acerbity, acidity, causticity, tartness, mordancy, trenchancy, incisiveness, sardonicism, satire. See keen adjective 4.   5...
acrimony
Book article from: The Oxford Pocket Thesaurus of Current English acrimony • noun   synonyms : bitterness, sarcasm, harshness, sharpness, acidity, acerbity, virulence, trenchancy, stringency, spitefulness, crabbedness, irascibility.

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

Acidity Therapy Area Pipeline Report.
M2 Presswire; 6/11/2009; 700+ words ; ...11 June 2009-Research and Markets: Acidity Therapy Area Pipeline Report(C)1994...researchandmarkets.com/research/9434e3/acidity_therapy_ar) has announced the addition of the Acidity Therapy Area Pipeline Report report to...
Title: "Digestive System - Acidity Drug Pipeline Report" Contains Detailed Information On The Current Drug Pipeline.
M2 Presswire; 9/19/2007; 700+ words ; ...Markets: Title: "Digestive System - Acidity Drug Pipeline Report" Contains Detailed...19092007 Title: "Digestive System - Acidity Drug Pipeline Report" Contains Detailed...announced the addition of "Digestive System - Acidity Drug Pipeline Report" to their offering...
Canada : Carbon emissions, carbon-rich ocean waters drive up ocean acidity .
News Wire article from: TendersInfo; 5/24/2008; 700+ words ; ...carbon-rich waters are driving up the acidity of the shallow ocean just off the West...Express, for the first time documents high acidity in the shallow nearshore waters of the...acidification, which has tied increasing acidity levels to the ocean's absorption of...
Role of solvent nucleophilicity in excess-acidity plots for equilibria in sulfuric acid--water mixtures.(Report)
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Chemistry; 4/1/2008; ; 700+ words ; ...water mixtures, slopes of excess-acidity plots of equilibrium data are discussed. Formal connections between the excess-acidity approach and the Grunwald-Winstein...hence to greater slopes m* in excess-acidity plots). Key words: excess acidity...
Unless you balance acidity, your muscles may become tense
Magazine article from: Better Nutrition; 3/1/1996; ; 700+ words ; ...only in a narrow range of almost zero acidity, according to Michael Colgan, Ph.D...blood works best with no acid at all. Acidity is measured by the concentration of hydrogen...the numbers mean large differences in acidity or alkalinity. A pH of 6 is 10 times...
Raising sensitivity to acidity trends. (monitoring acidity of precipitation and fresh water)
Magazine article from: Science News; 6/1/1985; 564 words ; ...Europe to determine the relationship between the acidity of precipitation and the acidity of fresh water. This requires precise measurements...strategies for monitoring temporal trends in the acidity of fresh waters will not yield results sensitive...
Research and Markets: Acidity Therapy Area Pipeline Report.(Report)
Business Wire; 6/11/2009; 700+ words ; ...researchandmarkets.com/research/0fcf61/acidity_therapy_ar) has announced the addition of the Acidity Therapy Area Pipeline Report report to their offering. Life Science Analytics, Acidity Therapy Area Pipeline Report contains detailed...
NEW MEXICO TECH RESEARCHER STUDIES OCEAN ACIDITY'S EFFECTS ON CLIMATE
News Wire article from: US Fed News Service, Including US State News; 3/6/2007; 700+ words ; ...investigates how increased levels of ocean acidity and carbon dioxide concentrations have...consequences of increasing CO2 and ocean acidity on marine production of DMS and CH2CH...scientific studies have shown that ocean acidity is rising at a rate of about 100 times...
MULTIWAVELENGTH SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ACIDITY CONSTANTS OF MORIN IN METHANOL-WATER MIXTURES
Magazine article from: Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...and hard-modeling is applied. The acidity constants of all related equilibria are...program was used for determination of acidity constants. The corresponding pK^sub...There is a linear relationship between acidity constants and the mole fraction of methanol...
Acidity threatens sea life
Newspaper article from: International Herald Tribune; 1/31/2009; ; 524 words ; ...International Herald Tribune 01-31-2009 Acidity threatens sea life Byline: Cornelia Dean...international panel of marine scientists says this acidity is accelerating so fast it threatens the...not the first to point to growing ocean acidity as an environmental threat, but its blunt...