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Malcolm III
Malcolm III (Malcolm Canmore), d. 1093, king of Scotland (1057-93), son of Duncan I; successor to Macbeth (d. 1057). It took him some years after Macbeth's death to regain the boundaries of his father's kingdom. About 1068, Edgar Atheling , pretender to the English throne, took refuge with Malco...
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Arnold Joost van Keppel Albemarle, 1st earl of
Arnold Joost van Keppel Albemarle, 1st earl of , 1669-1718, Dutch adherent and constant companion of William III of England. He accompanied the future king to England (1688) and was made an earl in 1696. After William's death (1702), he returned to Dutch service and fought in the War of the Spanish ...
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Catherine of Braganza
Catherine of Braganza , 1638-1705, queen consort of Charles II of England, daughter of John IV of Portugal. She was married to Charles in 1662. As part of her dowry England secured Bombay (now Mumbai) and Tangier. Unpopular in England for her Roman Catholic faith, she also had to suffer the humiliat...
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Alexander II
Alexander II 1198-1249, king of Scotland (1214-49), son and successor of William the Lion. He joined the English barons in their revolt against King John of England in 1215. Though he made his peace with John's successor, Henry III, in 1221, there was later friction that almost led to war. In 1237,...
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Treaty of Ryswick
Treaty of Ryswick 1697, the pact that ended the War of the Grand Alliance . Its signers were France on one side and England, Spain, and the Netherlands on the other. It was a setback for Louis XIV , who kept Strasbourg but lost most other conquests made after 1679. Commercial concessions were gra...
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William the Lion
William the Lion 1143-1214, king of Scotland (1165-1214), brother and successor of Malcolm IV. Determined to recover Northumbria (lost to England in 1157), he supported the rebellion (1173-74) of the sons of Henry II of England. The result was that he was captured by Henry, who forced him to sign t...
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William Carstares
William Carstares 1649-1715, Scottish statesman and Presbyterian divine. While studying theology at Utrecht, he became a friend of William of Orange (later William III of England). He was imprisoned in Edinburgh (1674-79) for alleged coauthorship of An Account of Scotland's Grievances and again i...
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Johann Georg Graevius
Johann Georg Graevius , 1632-1703, German antiquary. His German name was Gräve or Greffe. He was historiographer to William III of England and is remembered for his vast catalogs of Roman and Italian antiquities.
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Neerwinden
Neerwinden , village, Liège prov., E Belgium. In the War of the Grand Alliance the French under Marshal Luxembourg defeated (1693) William III of England there. In the French Revolutionary Wars, a French defeat (1793) at Neerwinden resulted in the defection of General Dumouriez to the Aus...
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Godart van Ginkel, 1st earl of Athlone
Godart van Ginkel, 1st earl of Athlone , 1644-1703, Dutch general in the service of William III of England. He accompanied (1688) William to England and took part in William's victory over James II in the battle of the Boyne . He then (1690) became commander in chief of the army in Ireland, captu...
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