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Topics related to "Umayyad"

Umayyad
Umayyad , the first Islamic dynasty (661-750). Their reign witnessed the return to leadership roles of the pre-Islamic Arab elite, and the rejuvenation of tribal loyalties. The Banu Ummaya constituted the higher stratum of the pre-Islamic Meccan elite. Having entered into an agreement with Muhammad ... Read more
Hasan
Hasan , c.625-c.669; son of Ali and Fatima (daughter of Muhammad the Prophet). When Ali was killed in 661, Hasan became caliph, but he was not strong enough to withstand the threat of arms of the Umayyads and under pressure abdicated in favor of Muawiya . He retired to Medina and died, reputedl... Read more
Abbasid
Abbasid or Abbaside , Arab family descended from Abbas , the uncle of Muhammad. The Abbasids held the caliphate from 749 to 1258, but they were recognized neither in Spain nor (after 787) W of Egypt. Under the Umayyad caliphs the Abbasids lived quietly until they became involved in numerous d... Read more
Abd al-Malik
Abd al-Malik , c.646-705, 5th Umayyad caliph (685-705); son of Marwan I. At his accession, Islam was torn by dissension and threatened by the Byzantine Empire. With the help of his able general al-Hajjaj, Abd al-Malik overthrew the rival caliphs and united Islam. His battles with Byzantine forces ... Read more
caliphate
caliphate , the rulership of Islam; caliph , the spiritual head and temporal ruler of the Islamic state. In principle, Islam is theocratic: when Muhammad died, a caliph [Arab.,=successor] was chosen to rule in his place. The caliph had temporal and spiritual authority but was not permitted prop... Read more
Husein
Husein or Husayn , c.626-680, Muslim saint of the Shiites; second son of Ali and Fatima (daughter of Muhammad). With the assassination of his father in 661 and the acquiescence of his brother Hasan , the caliphate passed out of the Alid family, although many continued to support the claims ... Read more
Uthman
Uthman or Othman , c.574-656, 3d caliph (644-56), also known as Uthman ibn al-Affan; son-in-law of Muhammad . He belonged to the great Umayyad family and was selected as caliph after the murder of Umar . Muslim conquests were continued and extended to Bactria and Cyprus. To strengthen his co... Read more
Córdoba
Córdoba or Cordova both: kôr´dōvä , city (1990 pop. 307,275), capital of Córdoba prov., S Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadalquivir River. Modern industries in the city include brewing, distilling, textile manufacturing, metallurgy, and tourism. Córdoba... Read more
Ali
Ali (Ali ibn Abu Talib), 598?-661, 4th caliph (656-61). The debate over his right to the caliphate caused a major split in Islam into Sunni and Shiite branches, and he is regarded by the Shiites as the first Imam, or leader: Shiite derives from the phrase shi-at Ali [Ar.=the party of Ali]. ... Read more
emirate of Bukhara
emirate of Bukhara former state, central Asia, in Turkistan , in the Amu Darya River basin. Part of ancient Sogdiana , it was ruled (AD 709-874) by the Umayyad Arabs and played an important role under the Samanid dynasties (875-1000). It was a trade, transport, and cultural center of the Islamic ... Read more

Encyclopedia entries related to "Umayyad"

Umayyad Mosque
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa ...established in Damascus by the Umayyad Caliph Walid ibn Abd al...Istanbul) and from the Umayyad Empire. The design included...building program of the Umayyads, who made Damascus the capital of their empire. The Umayyad mosque is one of the most...
Umayyads
Book article from: World Encyclopedia Umayyads ( Omayyads ) Dynasty of Arabian Muslim caliphs (661–750). From their capital at Damascus , the Umayyads ruled a basically Arab empire, which stretched from Spain to India. They made little effort to convert conquered peoples...
Umayyad
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Umayyad , the first Islamic dynasty (661-750). Their reign witnessed the return...Abd ar-Rahman ad-Dakhil, was able to reach Cordoba and to reestablish Umayyad rule (780-1031) in Muslim Spain. Bibliography: See G. R. Hawting...
Abbasid
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition ...the empire in revolt against the Umayyads. The head of the Abbasid family...as-Saffah late in 749. The last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II, was defeated...member fled to Spain, where the Umayyads came to rule. Under the second Abbasid...
Damascus
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa ...Umayyad dynasty. During the Umayyad era from 661 to 750, Damascus...Khorasan in the east. The third Umayyad ruler, al-Walid, transformed...grander structure, known as the Umayyad Mosque. This building and other monuments constructed by the Umayyads were ransacked when an Abbasid...
Abd al-Rahman I
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography ...Immigrant," he established the rule of the Umayyad dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula. Born...Abd al-Rahman I was the son of the Umayyad prince Muawiya ibn Hisham and a Berber...slaughter by the Abbasids, and thus, as the Umayyad line was extinguished in the East, he...
Shiʿism
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa ...succession that of his family, the Umayyads. Since Ali's martyrdom the...before he could reach Kufa, an Umayyad force attacked and killed him...increased opposition to the Umayyads. The cause of Shi ʿ...originating in Khorasan toppled the Umayyad caliphate. Succession to the...
Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography ...Sufyan (died 680) was the founder of the Umayyad dynasty of caliphs. His clan, which...favoritism shown by Othman toward his Umayyad kinsmen. When Othman was assassinated...and, in fact, adopted certain anti-Umayyad measures that the rebels had advocated...
Abu Jafar ibn Muhammad al-Mansur
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography ...heirs of the Prophet as opposed to the Umayyads and the Shiite followers of Mohammed...Khurasan in 747 led to defeat of the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II, in 750 and the establishment...Mansur failed in his attempts to oust the Umayyad family from its refuge in Spain, but...
Abd al-Malik
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography ...Arab Empire and the fifth caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. He overcame the dissidents in...In this war the rule of the reigning Umayyad family was challenged by Abdullah ibn...from 701 to 703. With the restoration of Umayyad rule over the empire it became possible...

Dictionary entries related to "Umayyad"

Umayyads
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions Umayyads (Arab., al-dawlah al...Quraysh of Mecca . Under the Umayyads, the Muslim Empire increased...17th cent. But elsewhere the Umayyads ruled more severely and autocratically. The last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II, ‘...
Umayyad
Book article from: The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable Umayyad a member of a Muslim dynasty that ruled the Islamic world from ad 660 (or 661) to 750 and Moorish Spain 756–1031...
Islamic Monarchy
Dictionary entry from: New Dictionary of the History of Ideas ...accession of Mu'awiya that the Umayyad caliphate (661 –...monarchy. Knowledge of the Umayyad family is difficult to extract...evaluate, it may be said that the Umayyads managed to restrict the caliphate...Abbasids Ultimately resistance to Umayyad rule led to the Abbasid revolution...
‘Abbāsids
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions ...lib , the rule passed to the Umayyads with their capital in Damascus...x2BF;ite elements, and the Umayyads were ousted, nearly all of...x2019;, i.e., of Umayyad blood) took over power as...survivor of the massacre of the Umayyads, ʿAbd al-Ra...
Islam: Sunni
Dictionary entry from: New Dictionary of the History of Ideas ...was successful in establishing the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled over the early Islamic...empire for nearly a century. Although the Umayyads, like many dynasties that succeeded them...historiography tended to refer to the Umayyad rulers as muluk (kings) to indicate...
Religion: Middle East
Dictionary entry from: New Dictionary of the History of Ideas ...has ever had. With the coming of the Umayyad dynasty, the moral level declined and...dangers of revolt were a greater evil. The Umayyad (661 – 750) and Abbasid...led a small army in revolt against the Umayyads and was killed at Karbala', in Iraq...
Wild ass of Mesopotamia
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions Wild ass of Mesopotamia (name for last Umayyad caliph): see UMAYYADS .
caliphate
Book article from: A Dictionary of World History ...the Prophet's authority, the rest of Islam accepting the UMAYYAD dynasty. They were overthrown in 750 by the ABBASIDS , but...virtually puppet rulers under Turkish control. Meanwhile an Umayyad refugee had established an independent emirate in Spain in...
Islamic Science
Dictionary entry from: New Dictionary of the History of Ideas ...were already active in the time of the Prophet and under the Umayyad dynasty (661 – 750) of Damascus. The earliest...history (after 750 when they had successfully conquered the Umayyad empire and after 819 when al-Ma'mun decided to return to...
al-Ḥusain b. ʿAli
Book article from: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions ...However, Ḥusain and his party were intercepted by Umayyad troops near Karbalā. They were surrounded, and...fulfil the demands of true Islam, had stood up against the evil Umayyads; his sacrifice was to redeem Islam, and to teach people the...

Related newspaper, magazine, and trade journal articles from HighBeam Research

The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn Abd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads.
Magazine article from: The Journal of the American Oriental Society; 10/1/1996; ; 700+ words ; ...the Byzantines, the later Umayyad caliphs pressed ahead with...military setbacks suffered by Umayyad forces during Hisham's reign...Syrian armies upon which the Umayyads so thoroughly depended; a...and a further withering of Umayyad legitimacy. The combination...
THE UMAYYADS
Magazine article from: Middle East; 10/1/2004; ; 483 words ; ...14.95 paperback The Umayyads. The rise of Islamic...understanding of the Umayyad culture. This culture...time. The rise of the Umayyad dynasty is very closely...Islam. In fact, the Umayyad dynasty came into being...622AD. Clearly, the Umayyads, beginning with Abd...
The Umayyads.(Brief Article)(Book Review)
Magazine article from: The Middle East; 10/1/2004; ; 636 words ; ...sterling] paperback The Umayyads. The rise of Islamic...understanding of the Umayyad culture. This culture...time. The rise of the Umayyad dynasty is very closely...Islam. In fact, the Umayyad dynasty came into being...622AD. Clearly, the Umayyads, beginning with Abd...
Damascus's Splendid Umayyad Mosque Set to Welcome Pope John Paul II
Magazine article from: The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs; 6/30/2001; ; 700+ words ; Damascus's Splendid Umayyad Mosque Set to Welcome Pope John Paul...Damascus has been synonymous with its Umayyad mosque, one of the most sacred structures...oldest holy spots in the world, the Umayyad mosque embodies the history of mankind...
The Dynasties: The Umayyads and the Abbasids.(ruling powers during early centuries of Islam)(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: Calliope; 2/1/2000; 624 words ; ...awiyah, son of the head of the Umayyad family and the governor of...became the first caliph of the Umayyad dynasty. He ruled until his...awiyah and his successors, the Umayyads expanded their borders. They...and led to the fall of the Umayyad dynasty. The new caliph was...
ROMAN AND UMAYYAD SETTLEMENTS ON THE KARAK PLATEAU: USING TECHNOLOGY TO DETERMINE SITE LOCATION FACTORS ON A REGIONAL SCALE
Magazine article from: Near Eastern Archaeology; 12/1/2004; ; 700+ words ; ...Plateau, Jordan, during the Roman and Umayyad periods. The Karak Plateau, biblical...often hazardous. During the Roman and Umayyad periods, the average distance to the...no less dramatic during the Roman and Umayyad periods. No resource more vividly reflects...
Commemorating the Sacred Spaces of the Past: The Mamluks and the Umayyad Mosque at Damascus
Magazine article from: Near Eastern Archaeology; 3/1/2004; ; 700+ words ; The Umayyad Mosque at Damascus was, and continues...have been admired by visitors from the Umayyad period (661-750 CE) until today. Referred...how many people! (1963: 209). The Umayyad mosque in Damascus, although not one of...
The Umayyad congregational mosque of Jarash in Jordan and its relationship to early mosques.(Research)
Magazine article from: Antiquity; 6/1/2005; ; 700+ words ; ...705-715). Urban development in the Umayyad period was not restricted to mosques...Abd al-Malik until the fall of the Umayyad dynasty in AD 750 is characterised by...further afield. Right at the end of the Umayyad period a large congregational mosque of...
Syrian leader retraces the Umayyads' steps.(Brief Article)
Magazine article from: MEED Middle East Economic Digest; 5/11/2001; 488 words ; ...President Asad was retracing the steps of the founders of the Umayyad dynasty in Spain when he visited Cordoba on 3 May as part of...King Juan Carlos of Spain opened an exhibition on the Cordoban Umayyads in the Andalusian city.
Syrian president performs Eid al-Fitr prayer at Umayyad Mosque
News Wire article from: Xinhua News Agency; 9/20/2009; 324 words ; Syrian president performs Eid al-Fitr prayer at Umayyad Mosque DAMASCUS, Sept. 20 (Xinhua) -- Syrian President...al-Assad Sunday performed Eid al-Fitr prayer at the Umayyad Mosque, one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world...