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Stanislaus II
Stanislaus II 1732-98, last king of Poland (1764-95). He was born Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski. His mother was a member of the powerful Czartoryski family, which furthered Stanislaus's career. He was (1756-58) Polish ambassador to St. Petersburg, where he became a lover of Czarina Catherine I...
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Bernardo Bellotto
Bernardo Bellotto , 1720-80, Venetian architectural and landscape painter, also called Canaletto, after his uncle and teacher Canaletto . His paintings, at first resembling those of his master, are numerous and may be seen in most of the leading European museums. They usually depict scenes in the c...
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Modesto
Modesto , city (1990 pop. 164,278), seat of Stanislaus co., central Calif., on the Tuolumne River, near the northern end of the San Joaquin valley; inc. 1884. The center of a farming and fruit-growing area, it has food-processing and canning plants, wineries, fruit orchards, and diversified manufact...
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War of the Polish Succession
War of the Polish Succession 1733-35. On the death (1733) of Augustus II of Poland, Stanislaus I sought to reascend the Polish throne. He was supported by his son-in-law, Louis XV of France. The rival candidate for the throne was the son of Augustus II, the elector of Saxony, who was supported by...
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Augustus II
Augustus II 1670-1733, king of Poland (1697-1733) and, as Frederick Augustus I, elector of Saxony (1694-1733). He commanded the imperial army against the Turks (1695-96), but had no success and was replaced by Prince Eugene of Savoy as soon as he competed for the Polish throne, left vacant by the d...
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Augustus III
Augustus III 1696-1763, king of Poland (1735-63) and, as Frederick Augustus II, elector of Saxony (1733-63); son of Augustus II , whom he succeeded in Saxony. Elected king of Poland by a minority, he allied himself with Empress Anna of Russia and Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in the War of the ...
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Czartoryski
Czartoryski , Polish princely family. Although of ancient lineage, it rose to prominence only in the 17th cent., and in the 18th cent. during the reign of the Saxon kings of Poland it virtually ruled the country. Prince Michael Czartoryski, 1697-1773, was grand chancellor of Lithuania. His brother...
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Francis I
Francis I 1708-65, Holy Roman emperor (1745-65), duke of Lorraine (1729-37) as Francis Stephen, grand duke of Tuscany (1737-65), husband of Archduchess Maria Theresa . He succeeded his father in Lorraine, but agreed (1735) to cede his duchy to Stanislaus I of Poland to end the War of the Polish ...
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Grodno
Grodno , Belarusian Horodno, city (1990 est. pop. 272,000), capital of Grodno region, NW Belarus, on the Neman River. A river port and an important railway center, it has industries producing fertilizer, synthetic fibers, processed foods, and tobacco. Dating back to the 10th cent., Grodno was the ...
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Stockton
Stockton city (1990 pop. 210,943), seat of San Joaquin co., central Calif., on the San Joaquin River; inc. 1850. One of the fastest-growing U.S. cities during the late 20th cent., Stockton is an inland seaport located at the head of the San Joaquin delta. It is also a rail center and a processing a...
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