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Sigismund
Sigismund , 1368-1437, Holy Roman emperor (1433-37), German king (1410-37), king of Hungary (1387-1437) and of Bohemia (1419-37), elector of Brandenburg (1376-1415), son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV .
Accession to the Hungarian Throne
Through his marriage to Mary, who became queen of ...
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Andreas Sigismund Marggraf
Andreas Sigismund Marggraf , 1709-82, German chemist, a pioneer in analytical chemistry. He proved that alumina, magnesia, and lime are distinct earths, found (1743) an improved method for the commercial preparation of phosphorus, and isolated (1746) zinc. In 1747 he announced his discovery of sugar...
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Jagiello
Jagiello or Jagello , dynasty that ruled Poland and Lithuania from 1386 to 1572, Hungary from 1440 to 1444 and again from 1490 to 1526, and Bohemia from 1471 to 1526. It took its name from Ladislaus Jagiello, grand duke of Lithuania, who became (1386) king of Poland as Ladislaus II when he...
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Vasa
Vasa , Pol. Waza, royal dynasty of Sweden (1523-1654) and Poland (1587-1668). Gustavus I , founder of the dynasty in Sweden, was succeeded by his sons Eric XIV (reigned 1560-68) and John III (reigned 1568-92). John III married the sister of Sigismund II of Poland, and their son was elected (158...
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Nikopol
Nikopol , town (1993 pop. 4,897), N Bulgaria, a port on the Danube River bordering Romania. Farming, viticulture, and fishing are the chief occupations. Founded in 629 by Byzantine emperor Heraclius, Nikopol (then Nicopolis) became a flourishing trade and cultural center of the second Bulgarian king...
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Ladislaus IV
Ladislaus IV 1595-1648, king of Poland (1632-48), son and successor of Sigismund III . His reign was marked by struggles with his subjects and wars with the Swedes, the Russians, and the Ottomans. Ladislaus in his later years vainly sought to establish authority over the nobles. The Cossack revo...
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Luca Marenzio
Luca Marenzio , 1553-1599, Italian composer, in whose works the Renaissance madrigal reached its peak of development. He served the Gonzaga family in Mantua, the Medicis in Florence, and in the households of several cardinals, and toward the end of his life attended the court of Sigismund III of Pol...
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Wenceslaus
Wenceslaus 1361-1419, Holy Roman emperor (uncrowned) and German king (1378-1400), king of Bohemia (1378-1419) as Wenceslaus IV, elector of Brandenburg (1373-76), son and successor of Emperor Charles IV. He was, even more than his father, a Bohemian rather than German king. Although gifted, he was g...
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Baldassare Cossa
Baldassare Cossa , c.1370-1419, Neapolitan churchman, antipope (1410-15; see Schism, Great ) with the name John XXIII. He had a military career before entering the service of the church. He was made a cardinal by Boniface IX (1402) and proved himself able, especially in financial matters. In 1408 h...
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John Laski
John Laski , Pol. Jan Łaski , Latin Johannes Alasco, 1499-1560, Polish Protestant reformer. A learned priest, he went in 1523 to Basel, where he was a close friend of Erasmus. After returning to Poland he rose to archdeacon of Warsaw, but because of his Calvinistic views he had to leave. He ...
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