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Infant Rulers
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society
Infant Rulers Infant rulers are infants formally exercising supreme power, political or spiritual. Infant rulers have appeared in many cultures and civilizations. Their role and...
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Rulers of the Roman Empire
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Rulers of the Roman Empire Rulers of the Roman Empire ( including dates of reign ) Augustus, grandnephew...Emperors in the East (until the fall of Rome; see table entitled Rulers of the Byzantine Empire for later emperors) Arcadius, son of Theodosius...
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Rulers of Spain since 1474
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Rulers of Spain since 1474 Rulers of Spain since 1474 (including dates of reign) Union of Castile and Aragón Isabella I (of Castile), ruled jointly with Ferdinand II (of Aragón), 1474-1504 Ferdinand II, ruled jointly...
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Rulers of the Byzantine Empire
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Rulers of the Byzantine Empire Rulers of the Byzantine Empire Emperor (or Empress) Dates of Reign Constantine I (the Great) 330-37 Constantius 337-61 Julian (the Apostate) 361-63 Jovian 363-64 Valens 364-78 Theodosius I (the Great...
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Rulers of England and Great Britain
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Rulers of England and Great Britain Rulers of England and Great Britain ( including dates of reign ) Saxons and Danes Egbert, 802-39 Æthelwulf, son of Egbert, 839-58 Æthelbald, son of Æthelwulf, 858-60 Æ...
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Rulers of France since 987
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Rulers of France since 987 Rulers of France since 987 ( including dates of reign ) The Capetians Hugh Capet, 987-96 Robert II (the Pious), son of Hugh Capet, 996-1031 Henry I, son of Robert II, 1031-60 Philip I, son of Henry I, 1060...
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Russian and Soviet Rulers since 1462
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Russian and Soviet Rulers since 1462 Russian and Soviet Rulers since 1462 (including dates of rule) House of Rurik Ivan III (the Great), 1462-1505 Vasily III, 1505-33 Ivan IV (the Terrible), 1533-84 Feodor I, 1584-98 House of Godunov...
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Taxation
Encyclopedia entry from: Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World
...dues, towns imposed customs duties, and rulers levied state taxes. Although there were...To meet growing costs of war and debt, rulers across Europe raised taxation to unprecedented...it reinforced social inequality, as rulers created fiscal alliances with elites and...
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United Arab Emirates
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
...very important among Emiratis, whose rulers are drawn from the leading families of...Gulf. A series of treaties between these rulers and Britain codified Britain's predominant...reinforce the leading role of the local rulers and create a powerful political status...
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Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan Al-Nahyan
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...and competing, sometimes quarreling, rulers. It was here that he asserted himself...federation of the competing city-states. The rulers of the various lower shaykhdoms had...vulnerable to outside threats. Their rulers were especially concerned with the threat...
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