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Ruhr
Ruhr , region, c.1,300 sq mi (3,370 sq km), W Germany; a principal manufacturing center of Germany and formerly known as one of the world's greatest industrial complexes. In the 1980s the coal and steel industries declined, leading to serious unemployment. By the 1990s, more than three fifths of the...
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Mülheim an der Ruhr
Mülheim an der Ruhr or Mülheim, city (1994 pop. 177,175), North Rhine-Westphalia, W Germany, on the Ruhr River. It is an industrial center of the Ruhr district and a road and rail traffic hub. The city formerly produced mainly coal and steel, but in the mid-20th cent. its products w...
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Hagen
Hagen , city (1994 pop. 214,880), North Rhine-Westphalia, W Germany, on the Ennepe River. It is an industrial center in the Ruhr district. Its manufactures include iron and steel, chemicals, machinery, paper, and textiles. Hagen was chartered in 1746 and became famous for its textiles in the late 18...
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Duisburg
Duisburg , city (1994 pop. 536,800), North Rhine-Westphalia, W Germany, at the confluence of the Rhine and Ruhr rivers. Located in the Ruhr district, it is the largest inland port in the world and a center for iron and steel production. Other manufactures include shipbuilding, brewing, heavy machi...
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Essen
Essen , city (1994 pop. 622,380), North Rhine-Westphalia, W Germany, on the Ruhr River. The major industrial center of the Ruhr district, it was the seat of the famous Krupp steelworks. Essen is a retail trade center, a rail junction, and a steel and electricity producer. Its diversified industr...
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Karl Ziegler
Karl Ziegler , 1898-1973, German chemist. Educated at the Univ. of Marburg, he taught at Heidelberg and Halle and for a short period at the Univ. of Chicago. He became director of the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research at Mülheim an der Ruhr in 1944. He shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemis...
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Dortmund
Dortmund , city (1994 pop. 602,000), North Rhine-Westphalia, W Germany, a port on the Dortmund-Ems Canal. It is an industrial center in the Ruhr district. Its manufactures include steel, machinery, and beer, and it is a growing high-technology and research center. First mentioned c.885, Dortmund f...
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Westphalia
Westphalia , Ger. Westfalen, region and former province of Prussia, W Germany. Münster was the capital of the province. After 1945 the province was incorporated into the West German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, now a state in reunified Germany. The region of Westphalia occupies, roughly, ...
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North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia , Ger. Nordrhein-Westfalen , state (1994 pop. 17,759,000), 13,111 sq mi (33,957 sq km), W central Germany. Düsseldorf is the capital. The state is bounded by Belgium and the Netherlands in the west, Lower Saxony in the north and east, Hesse in the southeast, and Rhinelan...
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Dawes Plan
Dawes Plan presented in 1924 by the committee headed (1923-24) by Charles G. Dawes to the Reparations Commission of the Allied nations. It was accepted the same year by Germany and the Allies. The Dawes committee consisted of ten representatives, two each from Belgium, France, Great Britain, Ital...
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