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Neue Sachlichkeit
Neue Sachlichkeit see new objectivity .
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Theodor Herzl
Theodor Herzl , 1860-1904, Hungarian Jew, founder of modern Zionism . Sent to Paris as a correspondent for the Vienna Neue Frei Presse, he reported on the Dreyfus affair. Appalled by the vicious anti-Semitism he observed, he decided that Jewish assimilation in Europe was impossible and that the o...
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Gustav Klimt
Gustav Klimt , 1862-1918, Austrian painter. He cofounded the Vienna Secession group, an alliance against 19th-century eclecticism in art, and in 1897 became its first president. In the following decade Klimt became the foremost painter of art nouveau in Vienna. He created many murals for public bu...
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Erich Maria Remarque
Erich Maria Remarque , 1898-1970, German-American novelist, whose original name was Erich Paul Remark. From his experience of trench warfare during World War I, Remarque drew a grimly realistic picture of the horror of battle in his first novel and masterpiece, Im Westen nichts Neues (1929; tr. A...
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Egon Schiele
Egon Schiele , 1890-1918, Austrian expressionist painter and draftsman, studied Vietta Academy of Fine Arts. Influenced by the French impressionists, then by Gustav Klimt , Schiele developed a taut, linear style, emphasizing attenuated anatomical structure in drawings and paintings that often have ...
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David Friedrich Strauss
David Friedrich Strauss , 1808-74, German theologian and philosopher. In Berlin he studied (1831-32) Hegelian philosophy. As tutor at Tübingen he lectured on Hegel, modern philosophy, and Plato. His Das Leben Jesu (2 vol., 1835-36) aroused much interest because it applied the "myth theory" ...
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Stefan George
Stefan George , 1868-1933, German poet, leader of the revolt against realism in German literature. He was poetically influenced by Greek classical forms, by the Parnassians, and by the French symbolists. Intellectually he was a disciple of Nietzsche. His lyrics, intended for an intellectual aristocr...
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Nicolai Hartmann
Nicolai Hartmann , 1882-1950, German philosopher, b. Latvia. He taught at Marburg (1922-25), Cologne (1925-31), Berlin (1931-45), and Göttingen (1945-50). Abandoning his early adherence to idealism, he propounded instead a philosophical realism based on the intelligibility of being. For Hartman...
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Paul Hindemith
Paul Hindemith , 1895-1963, German-American composer and violist, b. Hanau, Germany. Hindemith combined experimental and traditional techniques into a distinctively modern style. After studying at the Frankfurt Conservatory, he began his career as a viola player. He taught (1927-37) composition at t...
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Piet Mondrian
Piet Mondrian , 1872-1944, Dutch painter. He studied at the academy in Amsterdam and passed through an early naturalistic phase. In 1910 he went to Paris, where the influence of cubism stimulated the development of his geometric, nonobjective style, which he called neoplasticism. He and Theo van Doe...
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