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methyl
methyl , CH 3 , organic free radical or alkyl group derived from methane by the removal of one hydrogen atom.
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methionine
methionine , organic compound, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. Only the L-stereoisomer appears in mammalian protein. It is one of the several essential amino acids needed in the diet; the human body cannot synthesize it from simpler metabolites. It is an important sour...
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cresol
cresol , CH 3 C 6 H 4 OH, any one of three aromatic alcohols present in coal tar. The three compounds are structural isomers ; they may be thought of as hydroxy derivatives of toluene or as methyl derivatives of phenol . The names of the three compounds indicate which of the hydrogens on the ben...
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free radical
free radical in chemistry, a molecule or atom that contains an unpaired electron but is neither positively nor negatively charged. Free radicals are usually highly reactive and unstable. They are produced by homolytic cleavage of a covalent bond (see chemical bond ); i.e., each of the atoms connec...
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methanol
methanol methyl alcohol, or wood alcohol, CH 3 OH, a colorless, flammable liquid that is miscible with water in all proportions. Methanol is a monohydric alcohol . It melts at -97.8°C and boils at 67°C. It reacts with certain acids to form methyl esters. Methanol is a fatal po...
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radical
radical in chemistry, group of atoms that are joined together in some particular spatial structure and that take part in most chemical reactions as a single unit. Important inorganic radicals include ammonium, NH 4 ; carbonate, CO 3 ; chlorate, ClO 3 , and perchlorate, ClO 4 ; cyani...
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alanine
alanine , organic compound, one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. Only the l -stereoisomer participates in the biosynthesis of proteins (see stereochemistry ). Its side chain is a nonpolar, hydrophobic methyl group. The low reactivity of the amino acid permits silk, a pr...
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isoprene
isoprene or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene , colorless liquid organic compound. It is a hydrocarbon, and is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents; it boils at 34°C. The isoprene molecule contains two double bonds. It is readily polymerized by the use of special catalysts; large num...
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ketone
ketone , any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group , C[symbol]O, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR′, where R and R′ are alkyl or aryl groups. The simplest ketone, where R and R′ are me...
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mercaptan
mercaptan or thiol , any of a class of organic compounds containing the group -SH bonded to a carbon atom. The volatile low-molecular-weight mercaptans have disagreeable odors. Mercaptans are found in crude petroleum, and methyl mercaptan is produced as a decay product of animal and vegetable ma...
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