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Kulmbach
Kulmbach town (1994 pop. 28,260), Bavaria, central Germany, on the White Main River. Known in 1035, Kulmbach became (1340) the residence of the margraves of Kulmbach (later known as the margraves of Bayreuth) of the house of Hohenzollern. In 1791 the town passed to Prussia, in 1807 it was taken by ...
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Albert the Bear
Albert the Bear c.1100-1170, first margrave of Brandenburg (1150-70). He was a loyal vassal of Holy Roman Emperor Lothair II, who, as duke of Saxony, helped him take (1123) Lower Lusatia and the eastern march of Saxony. Albert lost these lands in 1131. He was rewarded (1134) for his share in Lothai...
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Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden , city (1994 pop. 52,710), Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany, in the Black Forest. It is one of Europe's most fashionable spas; its manufactures include electronics and pharmaceuticals. The city has many parks, a large casino (built 1821-24), an opera house, and a modern and contemporar...
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Leopold III
Leopold III or Saint Leopold, c.1073-1136, margrave of Austria (1095-1136). By his marriage (1106) with Agnes, widow of Duke Frederick I of Swabia (see Hohenstaufen ), he became the stepfather of German King Conrad III and the father of Otto of Freising and of Duke Henry II of Austria (see Ba...
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Babenberg
Babenberg , ruling house of Austria (976-1246). It possibly descended from, or succeeded, a powerful Franconian family of the 9th cent. from whose castle the city of Bamberg probably took its name. Holy Roman Emperor Otto II created Count Leopold of Babenberg margrave of the Eastern March (i.e., Aus...
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Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe , city (1994 pop. 278,000), Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany, on the northern fringes of the Black Forest, connected by canal with a port on the nearby Rhine River. It is a transportation, industrial, and cultural center and is the seat of the federal constitutional court and the federal...
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electors
electors in the history of the Holy Roman Empire , the princes who had the right to elect the German kings or, more exactly, the kings of the Romans (Holy Roman emperors). Until the reign (1493-1519) of Maximilian I , however, an elected king was traditionally crowned by the pope before he was ca...
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Guelphs
Guelphs , European dynasty tracing its descent from the Swabian count Guelph or Welf (9th cent.), whose daughter Judith married the Frankish emperor Louis I. Guelph III (d. 1055) was made (1047) duke of Carinthia and margrave of Verona. Without male heirs, he was succeeded by his nephew, Guelph IV, ...
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Wittenberg
Wittenberg , city (1994 pop. 53,374), Saxony-Anhalt, E Germany, on the Elbe River. A city with a noted history, it is today an industrial and mining center and a rail junction. Manufactures include chemicals and fertilizer. First mentioned in the late 12th cent., Wittenberg was (1273-1422) the seat ...
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Dresden
Dresden , city (1994 pop. 479,300), capital of Saxony , E central Germany, on the Elbe River. It is an industrial and cultural center, a rail junction, and a large inland port. Manufactures include precision and optical instruments, computers and office machinery, radio and electrical equipment, an...
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