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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung , 1893-1976, founder of the People's Republic of China. Mao was one of the most prominent Communist theoreticians and his ideas on revolutionary struggle and guerrilla warfare have been extremely influential, especially among Third World revolutionaries.
Of Hunane...
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Mao Tun
Mao Tun or Mao Dun , pseud. of She Yen-ping , 1896-1981, Chinese novelist and Minister of Culture (1949-65). His fiction offers a sympathetic portrayal of working-class life and praise of revolution. Midnight (1933, tr. 1957), his most widely read work, is a naturalistic novel exploring in ...
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Red Guards
Red Guards in Chinese history, politically active students of the Cultural Revolution (1966-69), who organized units to carry out Mao Zedong 's aim of rerevolutionizing Chinese society. As their numbers grew, the units engaged in factional struggles, and in 1968 Mao suppressed the movement.
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Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution 1966-76, mass mobilization of urban Chinese youth inaugurated by Mao Zedong in an attempt to prevent the development of a bureaucratized Soviet style of Communism. Mao closed schools and encouraged students to join Red Guard units, which denunciated and persecuted Chinese te...
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Great Leap Forward
Great Leap Forward 1957-60, Chinese economic plan aimed at revitalizing all sectors of the economy. Initiated by Mao Zedong , the plan emphasized decentralized, labor-intensive industrialization, typified by the construction of thousands of backyard steel furnaces in place of large steel mills. Wi...
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Hua Guofeng
Hua Guofeng or Hua Kuo-feng , 1920-2008, Chinese Communist leader. He was relatively unknown until he became minister of public security and deputy premier in 1975. As Mao Zedong 's designated heir, he became premier following Zhou Enlai 's death (Jan., 1976) and chairman of the Chinese Commun...
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Peng Dehuai
Peng Dehuai or P'eng Teh-huai , 1898-1974, Communist Chinese general and political leader. He held various command positions in the Red Army, and in 1934-35 he joined with Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the long march . He became well known as the originator, with Mao, of the tactics of guerrilla...
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Jiang Qing
Jiang Qing or Chiang Ch'ing , 1914-91, Chinese Communist political leader, wife of Mao Zedong . Born Li Yun-ho, she changed her name to Lan Ping in 1938 when beginning an acting career, joining the Communist party the same year. In 1939, she married Mao Zedong and thereafter remained in the bac...
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Gang of Four
Gang of Four term of opprobrium given by the Chinese Communist authorities to four persons held responsible for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution (1966-69). They were also accused of trying to seize power after the deaths (1976) of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai . The most notable of the Gang...
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Tiananmen Square
Tiananmen Square large public square in Beijing , China, on the southern edge of the Inner or Tatar City. The square, named for its Gate of Heavenly Peace (Tiananmen), contains the monument to the heroes of the revolution, the Great Hall of the People, the museum of history and revolution, and the...
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