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Hua Guofeng
Hua Guofeng or Hua Kuo-feng , 1920-2008, Chinese Communist leader. He was relatively unknown until he became minister of public security and deputy premier in 1975. As Mao Zedong 's designated heir, he became premier following Zhou Enlai 's death (Jan., 1976) and chairman of the Chinese Commun...
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Hua-yen Buddhism
Hua-yen Buddhism [Chin.,=flower garland], school of Chinese Buddhism centering on the Avatamsaka Sutra [flower garland sutra]. This school has no Indian counterpart. Hua-yen classifies Buddhist scriptures and doctrines on five levels, with its own teaching as the highest and most complete. Accord...
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Hu Yaobang
Hu Yaobang , 1915-89, Chinese Communist political leader, b. Hunan prov. A protegé of Deng Xiaoping , Hu became general secretary of the Communist party in 1980 and party chairman in 1981, effectively replacing Hua Guofeng as leader of the Communist party. In the wake of student demonstrat...
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Chih-i
Chih-i , 538-97, Chinese Buddhist scholar and founder of the T'ien-t'ai (in Japan, called Tendai, or Lotus) school of Buddhism. Chih-i produced a conceptual framework that integrated varying Indian Buddhist schools and scriptures into a coherent whole by classifying the various scriptures into five ...
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Jiang Qing
Jiang Qing or Chiang Ch'ing , 1914-91, Chinese Communist political leader, wife of Mao Zedong . Born Li Yun-ho, she changed her name to Lan Ping in 1938 when beginning an acting career, joining the Communist party the same year. In 1939, she married Mao Zedong and thereafter remained in the bac...
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Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping or Teng Hsiao-p'ing , 1904-97, Chinese revolutionary and government leader, b. Sichuan prov. Deng became a member of the Chinese Communist party while studying in France (1920-25). A veteran of the long march , he joined the party's Central Committee in 1945. Called to Beijing as ...
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Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong or Mao Tse-tung , 1893-1976, founder of the People's Republic of China. Mao was one of the most prominent Communist theoreticians and his ideas on revolutionary struggle and guerrilla warfare have been extremely influential, especially among Third World revolutionaries.
Of Hunane...
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Chinese
Chinese subfamily of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages (see Sino-Tibetan languages ), which is also sometimes grouped with the Tai, or Thai, languages in a Sinitic subfamily of the Sino-Tibetan language stock. Chinese comprises a number of variants; those that are mutually unintelligible are co...
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Ch'ing
Ch'ing or Manchu , the last of the Imperial dynasties of China.
Background
The Ch'ing dynasty was established by the Manchus , who invaded China and captured Beijing in 1644, and lasted until 1911. The term Ch'ing means "pure," and it was used to add legitimacy to an alien rule. T...
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Buddhism
Buddhism , religion and philosophy founded in India c.525 BC by Siddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha . There are over 300 million Buddhists worldwide. One of the great world religions, it is divided into two main schools: the Theravada or Hinayana in Sri Lanka and SE Asia, and the Mahayana in Chin...
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