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Saint Hilary of Arles
Saint Hilary of Arles , d. 449, Gallo-Roman churchman. Forsaking riches, he entered the monastery at Lérins. He was made archbishop of Arles (c.429) against his wishes. As head of the church in Gaul, Hilary hastily deposed two bishops. They appealed to Pope Leo I , who thereupon deprived the...
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Saint Hilary of Poitiers
Saint Hilary of Poitiers , c.315-367?, bishop of Poitiers from c.350, Doctor of the Church. A convert from paganism, he distinguished himself as a supporter of Athanasius against Arianism . For his zeal he was exiled (c.356). After his return (360) he aided Pope Liberius in the attempted purge of...
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Georges Courteline
Georges Courteline , 1858-1929, French writer. His prolific humorous and satiric works include sketches, plays, tales, and novels. Bourgeois attitudes are ridiculed in his comedy Boubouroche (1892, tr. 1961); official red tape is satirized in his sketches Messieurs les ronds-de-cuir (1893, tr. ...
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Saint Leo I
Saint Leo I (Saint Leo the Great), c.400-461, pope (440-61), an Italian; successor of St. Sixtus III. A Doctor of the Church, he was one of the greatest pontiffs of the early years of the church. He waged a firm campaign against schism and heresy. With the aid of Valentinian III , the Roman empero...
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patristic literature
patristic literature Christian writings of the first few centuries. They are chiefly in Greek and Latin; there is analogous writing in Syriac and in Armenian. The first period of patristic literature (1st-2d cent.) includes the works of St. Clement I , St. Ignatius of Antioch , St. Polycarp , an...
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Louis Malle
Louis Malle , 1932-95, French film director, b. Thumeries, France. Malle's motion pictures are noted for their nonjudgmental approach to often taboo material, for which he sought to cause the audience to reevaluate its attitudes. The Fire Within (1963), for example, concerns the last hours of a ma...
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Saint Martin
Saint Martin c.316-397, bishop of Tours. Born a heathen in Pannonia (in modern Hungary), the son of a soldier, he became a convert and refused to fight Christians. He went (c.360) to St. Hilary of Poitiers and built himself a hermitage. In 371 he was acclaimed bishop, against his will. He continued...
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Poitiers
Poitiers , city (1990 pop. 82,507), capital of Vienne dept., W central France, on the Clain River. The ancient capital of Poitou , it is now an industrial, agricultural, and communications center. Poitiers's industries include metallurgy, machine building, printing, and the manufacture of chemicals...
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Arianism
Arianism , Christian heresy founded by Arius in the 4th cent. It was one of the most widespread and divisive heresies in the history of Christianity. As a priest in Alexandria, Arius taught (c.318) that God created, before all things, a Son who was the first creature, but who was neither equal to ...
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Philip Roth
Philip Roth 1933-, American author, b. Newark, N.J., grad. Univ. of Chicago (M.A., 1955). His writings, noted for their irony and themes of identity, rebellion, and sexuality, deal largely with middle-class Jewish-American life. Roth gained his initial literary reputation with the short-story colle...
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