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Hundred Years War
Hundred Years War 1337-1453, conflict between England and France.
Causes
Its basic cause was a dynastic quarrel that originated when the conquest of England by William of Normandy created a state lying on both sides of the English Channel. In the 14th cent. the English kings held the duch...
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Hubert de Burgh
Hubert de Burgh , d. 1243, chief justiciar of England under kings John and Henry III . Having served as a royal minister and commander in France, he was appointed justiciar by John in 1215. He continued in this position after John's death (1216) and in 1217 took part in the defeat of the French fle...
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Louis VIII
Louis VIII 1187-1226, king of France (1223-26), son and successor of King Philip II . He fought (1215, 1219) against the Albigenses in S France. Invited by English lords in rebellion against their king, John , to become king of England, he invaded (1216) England, although his action caused his ...
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Capetians
Capetians , royal house of France that ruled continuously from 987 to 1328; it takes its name from Hugh Capet . Related branches of the family (see Valois ; Bourbon ) ruled France until the final deposition of the monarchy in the 19th cent. The first historical ancestor was Robert the Strong , c...
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Henry III
Henry III 1551-89, king of France (1574-89); son of King Henry II and Catherine de' Medici. He succeeded his brother, Charles IX. As a leader of the royal army in the Wars of Religion (see Religion, Wars of ) against the French Protestants, or Huguenots, Henry, then duke of Anjou, defeated (1569) ...
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Saintes
Saintes , town (1990 pop. 27,546), Charente-Maritime dept., W France, on the Charente River. It is a market for grains, brandy, and leather; telecommunications equipment is manufactured. The town, probably the capital of the Celtic Santones and later occupied by the Romans, was the capital of old S...
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Anjou
Anjou , region and former province, W France, coextensive roughly with Maine-et-Loire and parts of Indre-et-Loire, Mayenne, and Sarthe depts. Angers , the historic capital, and Saumur are the chief towns. A fertile lowland, Anjou is traversed by the Loire, Mayenne, Sarthe, Loir, and Maine rivers....
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France
France , officially French Republic, republic (2005 est. pop. 60,656,000), 211,207 sq mi (547,026 sq km), W Europe. France is bordered by the English Channel (N), the Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of Biscay (W), Spain and Andorra (SW), the Mediterranean Sea (S), Switzerland and Italy (SE), and Germany,...
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James Douglas Hamilton, 4th duke of
James Douglas Hamilton, 4th duke of 1658-1712, Scottish nobleman. He served at the courts of Charles II and James II and remained, after his grudging acceptance of William III, a sympathizer with the Jacobites. He became duke of Hamilton in 1698 and, although he had opposed the union of Scotland wi...
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Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis kätō´-käNbrāzē´ , 1559, concluded at Le Cateau, France, by representatives of Henry II of France, Philip II of Spain, and Elizabeth I of England. It put an end to the 60-year conflict between France and Spain, begun with t...
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