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Amin al- Hafez
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Amin al- Hafez , 1911-, Syrian army officer and politician. He...athist military officers, led by Nurreddin Attassi and Hafez al- Assad , toppled his government in a coup. Amin al-Hafez moved his exile to Iraq in 1968 and was sentenced...
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Hafez al- Assad
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Hafez al- Assad , 1930-2000, president of Syria (1971-2000). He graduated (1955) from the Syrian Military Academy and advanced...
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Assad, Hafez al-
Book article from: World Encyclopedia
Assad, Hafez al- (1928–2000) Syrian statesman, president (1970–2000). Assad served as minister of defence (1965...
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Syrian Arab Republic
Encyclopedia entry from: World Press Encyclopedia
...Assad, son of long-standing president Hafez al-Assad, who had held power since 1970 and the office of president since 1971. Hafez al-Assad died in the same month that...independent papers were banned. In 1970, when Hafez al-Assad gained power, he extended the...
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Ba'ath party
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...reform, and the so-called nationalist group, led by Gen. Hafez al- Assad . Assad's following was less doctrinaire about...Syria and Iraq have often been diametrically opposed. Under Hafez al-Assad in Syria and Saddam Hussein (who succeeded al...
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Syria, Intelligence and Security
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security
...four intelligence agencies, which together helped President Hafez al-Assad maintain strict control of the nation from 1970 to...feared intelligence agency in Syria comes from the fact that Hafez al-Assad was once air force commander, and later turned the...
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Shiraz
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
...has retained for more than 1,300 years. During the medieval period, two of Iran's greatest poets, Sa ʿ di and Hafez, lived in the city. Shiraz flourished in the late eighteenth century as the capital of the Zand dynasty (1750 –...
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Hariri, Rafic
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...s 1982 invasion of Lebanon. Since Syria exerted strong control over Lebanon, Hariri attempted to win over its president, Hafez Assad, by building a palace for him in the Syrian capital, Damascus, as a gift. In 1985 and 1987, Hariri tried to convince...
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Bashar al- Assad
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Bashar al- Assad , 1965-, Syrian political leader, son of Hafez al- Assad . A medical doctor, he left Syria (1992) for an ophthamology residency in London when his elder brother, Basil...
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Suez Canal
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security
...Nasser immeasurably, and he has remained a powerful symbol to Arab nationalists such as Iraq's Saddam Hussein, the late Hafez al-Assad of Syria, and Libya's Muammar al-Qaddafi. The incident also marked the end of British and French influence...
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