|
Amin al- Hafez
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Amin al- Hafez , 1911-, Syrian army officer and politician. He...athist military officers, led by Nurreddin Attassi and Hafez al- Assad , toppled his government in a coup. Amin al-Hafez moved his exile to Iraq in 1968 and was sentenced...
|
|
|
Hafez al- Assad
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
Hafez al- Assad , 1930-2000, president of Syria (1971-2000). He graduated (1955) from the Syrian Military Academy and advanced...
|
|
Assad, Hafez al-
Book article from: World Encyclopedia
Assad, Hafez al- (1928–2000) Syrian statesman, president (1970–2000). Assad served as minister of defence (1965...
|
|
Syrian Arab Republic
Encyclopedia entry from: World Press Encyclopedia
...Assad, son of long-standing president Hafez al-Assad, who had held power since 1970 and the office of president since 1971. Hafez al-Assad died in the same month that...independent papers were banned. In 1970, when Hafez al-Assad gained power, he extended the...
|
|
Syria, Intelligence and Security
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security
...four intelligence agencies, which together helped President Hafez al-Assad maintain strict control of the nation from 1970 to...feared intelligence agency in Syria comes from the fact that Hafez al-Assad was once air force commander, and later turned the...
|
|
|
Ba'ath party
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
...reform, and the so-called nationalist group, led by Gen. Hafez al- Assad . Assad's following was less doctrinaire about...Syria and Iraq have often been diametrically opposed. Under Hafez al-Assad in Syria and Saddam Hussein (who succeeded al...
|
|
Hariri, Rafic
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of World Biography
...s 1982 invasion of Lebanon. Since Syria exerted strong control over Lebanon, Hariri attempted to win over its president, Hafez Assad, by building a palace for him in the Syrian capital, Damascus, as a gift. In 1985 and 1987, Hariri tried to convince...
|
|
|
Syria
Book article from: World Encyclopedia
...withdrawal from the UAR, and the formation of a Syrian Arab Republic in 1961. The Ba'ath Party has ruled since 1963. In 1970, Hafez al- Assad seized power in a coup, and he was elected in 1971. A new constitution (1973) declared Syria to be a democratic...
|
|
Lebanese Civil War
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
...incursions. The insecurity in southern Lebanon led to the dislocation of Shia villagers to urban peripheries. Furthermore, after Hafez al-Assad (1930 – 2000) assumed the presidency of Syria in 1970, Syria pursued a more assertive and ambitious...
|
|
Shiraz
Encyclopedia entry from: Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa
...has retained for more than 1,300 years. During the medieval period, two of Iran's greatest poets, Sa ʿ di and Hafez, lived in the city. Shiraz flourished in the late eighteenth century as the capital of the Zand dynasty (1750 –...
|
