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Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are a group of plants that share one common characteristic: they bear seeds, but their seeds do not develop within an ovary. For this reason, gymnosperms were long thought to be an evolutionary precursor to the angiosperms, which are seed plants that enclose their seeds in a...
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conifer
conifer [Lat.,=cone-bearing], tree or shrub of the order Coniferales, e.g., the pine , monkey-puzzle tree , cypress , and sequoia . Most conifers bear cones and most are evergreens, though a few, such as the larch , are deciduous. Conifers are widely distributed over the world but are mostly...
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cotyledon
cotyledon , in botany, a leaf of the embryo of a seed . The embryos of flowering plants, or angiosperms , usually have either one cotyledon (the monocots) or two (the dicots). Seeds of gymnosperms, such as pines, may have numerous cotyledons. In some seeds the cotyledons are flat and leaflike; in ...
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vascular bundle
vascular bundle in botany, a strand of conducting tissue extending lengthwise through the stems and roots of higher plants, including the ferns, fern allies, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. The vascular bundle consists of xylem, which conducts water and dissolved mineral substances from the soil to t...
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Pinophyta
Pinophyta , division of the plant kingdom consisting of those organisms commonly called gymnosperms. The gymnosperms, a group that includes the pine, have stems, roots and leaves, and vascular, or conducting, tissue (xylem and phloem). In these plants the ovules, or young seeds, are exposed to the a...
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angiosperm
angiosperm , term denoting seed plants in which the ovules, or young seeds, are enclosed within the ovary (that part of the pistil specialized for seed production), in contrast to the gymnosperms, in which the seeds are not enclosed within an ovary. The angiosperms constitute the division Magnoliop...
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Robert Brown
Robert Brown 1773-1858, Scottish botanist and botanical explorer. In 1801 he went as a naturalist on one of Matthew Flinders's expeditions to Australia, returning (1805) to England with valuable collections. In his Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen (1810) he described Austra...
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cone
cone or strobilus , in botany, reproductive organ of the gymnosperms (the conifers , cycads , and ginkgoes ). Like the flower in the angiosperms (flowering plants), the cone is actually a highly modified branch; unlike the flower, it does not have sepals or petals. Usually separate male (stam...
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cycad
cycad , any plant of the order Cycadales, tropical and subtropical palmlike evergreens. The cycads, ginkgoes , and conifers comprise the three major orders of gymnosperms, or cone-bearing plants (see cone and plant ). The cycads first appeared in the Permian period. They are the most primitive...
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ginkgo
ginkgo or maidenhair tree, tall, slender, picturesque deciduous tree ( Ginkgo biloba ) with fan-shaped leaves. The ginkgo is native to E China, where it was revered by Buddhist monks and planted near temples. A "living fossil," the ginkgo is the only remaining species of a large order (Gink...
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