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electors
electors in the history of the Holy Roman Empire , the princes who had the right to elect the German kings or, more exactly, the kings of the Romans (Holy Roman emperors). Until the reign (1493-1519) of Maximilian I , however, an elected king was traditionally crowned by the pope before he was ca...
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electoral college
electoral college in U.S. government, the body of electors that chooses the president and vice president. The Constitution, in Article 2, Section 1, provides: "Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senato...
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Frederick III
Frederick III (Frederick the Pious), 1515-76, elector palatine (1559-76). The first German prince to accept Calvinism, he ordered the Heidelberg Catechism (1563) drawn up (see under Heidelberg ). He aided the Calvinists in the Netherlands and in France.
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Johann Heinrich Roos
Johann Heinrich Roos , 1631-85, German painter and etcher. He specialized in depicting animals and landscapes and was court painter to Elector Palatine Charles Louis. He is represented in German galleries, and the New-York Historical Society has two of his paintings.
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Nikolaus von Amsdorf
Nikolaus von Amsdorf , 1483-1565, German Protestant reformer. He became a devoted supporter of Martin Luther. Elector John Frederick I of Saxony appointed Amsdorf bishop of Naumberg in 1541, but after the elector was captured by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, the office was withdrawn (1547). A zealou...
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Wittenberg
Wittenberg , city (1994 pop. 53,374), Saxony-Anhalt, E Germany, on the Elbe River. A city with a noted history, it is today an industrial and mining center and a rail junction. Manufactures include chemicals and fertilizer. First mentioned in the late 12th cent., Wittenberg was (1273-1422) the seat ...
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Albert I
Albert I c.1250-1308, Holy Roman Emperor (1298-1308), son of Rudolf I . Albert was invested with Austria and Styria in 1282 by his father, who also hoped to secure the succession as king of the Germans for Albert. However, on Rudolf's death (1291) the electors rejected Albert's candidacy in orde...
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Frederick the Winter King
Frederick the Winter King 1596-1632, king of Bohemia (1619-20), elector palatine (1610-20) as Frederick V. The Protestant diet of Bohemia deposed the Roman Catholic King Ferdinand (Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II ) and chose Frederick as king. Influenced by his minister Christian of Anhalt , Fred...
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Johann Agricola
Johann Agricola , c.1494-1566, German Protestant minister, whose family name was Schnitter (originally Schneider). He was born at Eisleben and is sometimes called Magister Islebius. He had an early association with Martin Luther and was active in the founding of Protestantism. In 1536 he espoused an...
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Salomon de Caus
Salomon de Caus 1576-1626, French engineer and physicist, educated in England. From 1614 to 1620 he was engineer to the Elector Palatine, Frederick, at Heidelberg. Because of his Les Raisons des forces mouvantes avec diverses machines (1615), an early exposition of the principle of steam power, h...
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