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ecology
ecology study of the relationships of organisms to their physical environment and to one another. The study of an individual organism or a single species is termed autecology; the study of groups of organisms is called synecology.
The Ecosystem
Within the biosphere —the total expan...
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Frederic Edward Clements
Frederic Edward Clements 1874-1945, American plant ecologist and pioneer in the study of succession (see ecology ), b. Lincoln, Nebr., grad. Univ. of Nebraska, 1894. From 1917 to 1941 he was in charge of ecological research at Carnegie Institution, Washington. Among his works are Research Methods...
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biosphere
biosphere irregularly shaped envelope of the earth's air, water, and land encompassing the heights and depths at which living things exist. The biosphere is a closed and self-regulating system (see ecology ), sustained by grand-scale cycles of energy and of materials—in particular, carbon, o...
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University of Aberdeen
University of Aberdeen at Aberdeen, Scotland; founded by the bishop of Aberdeen under the authority of a papal bull obtained 1494-95. It has faculties of arts and divinity; biological sciences; clinical medicine; economic and social sciences; engineering, mathematical and physical sciences; and law...
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epidemiology
epidemiology field of medicine concerned with the study of epidemics , outbreaks of disease that affect large numbers of people. Epidemiologists, using sophisticated statistical analyses, field investigations, and complex laboratory techniques, investigate the cause of a disease, its distribution ...
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International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) or World Conservation Union, international organization founded in 1948 to encourage the preservation of wildlife, natural environments, and living resources. Its members include private individuals, nongovernmental...
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jungle
jungle [Hindustani jangal =desert, forest; from Skt. jangala =wasteland, uncultivated land], densest form of tropical forest (usually second growth or later) found throughout tropical lowland regions. Jungle is characterized by high humidity and resultant abundance (both in numbers and variety)...
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University of North Dakota
University of North Dakota at Grand Forks; state supported; coeducational; chartered 1883, opened 1884. It has several professional schools, including those for aerospace sciences, engineering and mines, law, and medicine. Noted research facilities include the Earth Systems Science Institute, the E...
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Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming
Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming , 1841-1924, Danish botanist, a founder of the science of plant ecology. He was a professor at the Univ. of Copenhagen (1885-1911) and wrote a pioneer work in his field, Plantesamfund (1895), which, rewritten and enlarged, appeared in English as Oecology of Pl...
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competition
competition in biology, relationship between members of the same or different species in which individuals are adversely affected by those having the same living requirements, such as food or space. Intraspecific competition, i.e., competition among members of the same species, is illustrated by so...
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