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Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia , 1476-1507, Italian soldier and politician, younger son of Pope Alexander VI and an outstanding figure of the Italian Renaissance. Throughout his pontificate Alexander VI used his position to aggrandize his son and establish a papal empire in N and central Italy. Archbishop of Valen...
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Cesare Lombroso
Cesare Lombroso , 1835-1909, Italian criminologist and physician. In 1876 he published a pamphlet setting forth his theory of the origin of criminal traits. In the study, later enlarged into the famous L'uomo delinquente (5th ed., 3 vol., 1896-97; partial tr. as Criminal Man, 1911), he compared ...
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Cesare Pavese
Cesare Pavese , 1908-50, Italian novelist, poet, and translator. A major literary figure in postwar Italy, Pavese brought American influence to Italian literature through his translations. He himself was strongly influenced by Melville. Pavese's flight from the Fascists and subsequent imprisonment w...
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Cesar Estrada Chavez
Cesar Estrada Chavez , 1927-93, American agrarian labor leader, b. near Yuma, Ariz. A migrant worker, he became involved (1952) in the self-help Community Service Organization (CSO) in California, working among Mexicans and Mexican Americans; from 1958 to 1962 he was its general director. In 1962, h...
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Alexander VI
Alexander VI 1431?-1503, pope (1492-1503), a Spaniard (b. Játiva) named Rodrigo de Borja or, in Italian, Rodrigo Borgia; successor of Innocent VIII. He took Borja as his surname from his mother's brother Alfonso, who was Pope Calixtus III. Rodrigo became cardinal (1456), vice chancellor of t...
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Provins
Provins , town (1993 est. pop. 12,200), Seine-et-Marne dept., N central France. It is a tourist and commercial center. Built by the Romans on a rocky height, it was (11th-13th cent.) a prosperous trade hub and the site of one of the great fairs of Champagne . The picturesque upper town has preserve...
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Gabriel de Tarde
Gabriel de Tarde , 1843-1904, French sociologist and criminologist. During his years of public service as a magistrate, he became interested in the psychosocial bases of crime. In Penal Philosophy (1890, tr. 1912) and other early works he criticized the concept of the atavistic criminal as develop...
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Borgia
Borgia , Span. Borja , Spanish-Italian noble family, originally from Aragón. When Alfonso de Borja, cardinal-archbishop of Valencia, was pope as Calixtus III (1455-58), several relatives followed him to Rome. His nephew Rodrigo became pope as Alexander VI , and Rodrigo's illegitimate childr...
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metaphysical poets
metaphysical poets name given to a group of English lyric poets of the 17th cent. The term was first used by Samuel Johnson (1744). The hallmark of their poetry is the metaphysical conceit (a figure of speech that employs unusual and paradoxical images), a reliance on intellectual wit, learned imag...
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Montefeltro
Montefeltro , Italian noble family. Its members were noted patrons of art and traditionally opposed the papacy in the struggle between Guelphs and Ghibellines . The county of Montefeltro (created c.1154) included parts of Romagna, the Marches, and San Marino. Oddantonio Montefeltro (d. 1444) was th...
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