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Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates [for René Descartes ], system for representing the relative positions of points in a plane or in space. In a plane, the point P is specified by the pair of numbers ( x,y ) representing the distances of the point from two intersecting straight lines, referred to as th...
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Melchior de Polignac
Melchior de Polignac , 1661-1742, French diplomat, churchman, and author, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. As ambassador to Poland he directed (1697) the unsuccessful candidacy of François Louis de Conti for the Polish crown. He was one of the negotiators of the Peace of Utrecht (1713-1...
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tensor
tensor in mathematics, quantity that depends linearly on several vector variables and that varies covariantly with respect to some variables and contravariantly with respect to others when the coordinate axes are rotated (see Cartesian coordinates ). Tensors appear throughout mathematics, though...
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William Howard Gass
William Howard Gass 1924-, American author, b. Fargo, N.Dak., grad. Kenyon College, 1947; Ph.D. Cornell, 1954. In 1969 he became a professor of philosophy at Washington Univ., St. Louis. Rejecting traditional realism and interested in experimenting with the novel's form, he has been compared to She...
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Arnold Geulincx
Arnold Geulincx , 1624-69, Flemish Cartesian philosopher, b. Antwerp. One of the founders of occasionalism , his philosophy is characterized by a curious blending of rationalism and mysticism. Arguing that God is the sole active power, he denied any real interaction between finite things, which ser...
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algebraic geometry
algebraic geometry branch of geometry , based on analytic geometry , that is concerned with geometric objects (loci) defined by algebraic relations among their coordinates (see Cartesian coordinates ). In plane geometry an algebraic curve is the locus of all points satisfying the polynomial eq...
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Gaston Bachelard
Gaston Bachelard , 1884-1962, French philosopher. He held degrees in physics, mathematics, and philosophy and taught at Dijon (1930-40) and the Univ. of Paris (1940-54). Bachelard regarded knowing as a result of the interaction between reason and experience. He rejected the notion of the empirical w...
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René Descartes
René Descartes , Lat. Renatus Cartesius, 1596-1650, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist, b. La Haye. Descartes' methodology was a major influence in the transition from medieval science and philosophy to the modern era.
Life
Descartes was educated in the Jesuit Colleg...
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Nicolas Malebranche
Nicolas Malebranche , 1638-1715, French philosopher. Malebranche's philosophy is a highly original synthesis of Cartesian and Augustinian thought. Its purpose was to reconcile the new science with Christian theology. Beginning with Descartes's dualism between mind and body, Malebranche developed a t...
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phenomenology
phenomenology modern school of philosophy founded by Edmund Husserl . Its influence extended throughout Europe and was particularly important to the early development of existentialism. Husserl attempted to develop a universal philosophic method, devoid of presuppositions, by focusing purely on ph...
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