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Bulgaria
Bulgaria , Bulgarian Balgarija, officially Republic of Bulgaria, republic (2005 est. pop. 7,450,000), 42,823 sq mi (110,912 sq km), SE Europe, on the E Balkan Peninsula. It is bounded by the Black Sea on the east, by Romania on the north, by Serbia and Macedonia on the west, by Greece on the south...
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Central Powers
Central Powers in World War I , the coalition of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
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Struma
Struma , Gr. Strimón, river, 216 mi (348 km) long, rising in the mountains of W Bulgaria and flowing S, through NE Greece, to the Aegean Sea.
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Balkans
Balkans Bulg. Stara Planina , major mountain range of the Balkan Peninsula and Bulgaria, extending c.350 mi (560 km) from E Serbia through central Bulgaria to the Black Sea. It rises to 7,794 ft (2,376 m) at Botev, the highest peak. The Balkans are a continuation of the Carpathian Mts. The fores...
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Treaty of Neuilly
Treaty of Neuilly , 1919, peace treaty concluded between the Allies and Bulgaria after World War I. It was signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. Bulgaria ceded part of W Thrace to Greece and several border areas to Yugoslavia; S Dobruja was confirmed in Romanian possession. Reparations were required,...
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Moesia
Moesia , ancient region of SE Europe, south of the lower Danube River. Inhabited by Thracians, it was captured by the Romans in 29 BC It was later organized as a Roman province, comprising roughly what is now Serbia (Upper Moesia) and Bulgaria (Lower Moesia). Under the empire Roman colonies flourish...
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Shipka
Shipka , pass through the Balkans, alt. c.4,370 ft (1,330 m), central Bulgaria. It is crossed by a highway. Gabrovo, north of the pass, was the scene of a Russo-Bulgarian victory over the Turks in 1878.
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Boris III
Boris III 1894-1943, czar of Bulgaria (1918-43), son of Czar Ferdinand , on whose abdication he succeeded to the throne. He ruled constitutionally until 1934, then set up a military dictatorship under his premier, Kimon Georgiev, and in 1935 began his personal dictatorship. He turned toward the Ax...
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Dobruja
Dobruja , Rom. Dobrogea, Bulg. Dobrudza, historic region, c.9,000 sq mi (23,300 sq km), SE Europe, in SE Romania and NE Bulgaria, between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea. The chief cities are Constanţa , in Romania, and Dobrich and Silistra , in Bulgaria. Dobruja comprises a lo...
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Balkan Wars
Balkan Wars 1912-13, two short wars, fought for the possession of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire. The outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War for the possession of Tripoli (1911) encouraged the Balkan states to increase their territory at Turkish expense. Serbia and Bulgaria accordingly c...
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