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Sir George Biddell Airy
Sir George Biddell Airy 1801-92, English astronomer. The son of a poor farmer, he distinguished himself as Senior Wrangler at Cambridge, where he was elected fellow of Trinity College (1824) and appointed professor (1826). As Astronomer Royal and director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory from 183...
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Nevil Maskelyne
Nevil Maskelyne , 1732-1811, English astronomer. Maskelyne received his education at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Appointed astronomer royal at the Royal Observatory in 1765, he held this post for 46 years. He introduced the determination of longitude by lunar distances into En...
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George Graham
George Graham 1674?-1751, English instrument maker. A clockmaker by trade, Graham designed clocks and watches that earned him membership in the Royal Society and were still manufactured into the present century. In 1725 he built a very accurate 8-ft (2.4-m) quadrant for the royal astronomer, Edmund...
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Royal Greenwich Observatory
Royal Greenwich Observatory astronomical observatory established in 1675 by Charles II of England; formerly known as the Royal Observatory and located at Greenwich, it moved to Herstmonceux Castle, Sussex, in 1946. In the 1990 new headquarters at Cambridge were opened. Its equipment includes the ...
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Sir Frank Watson Dyson
Sir Frank Watson Dyson , 1868-1939, English astronomer, b. Ashby-de-la-Zouch, grad. Cambridge. He was astronomer royal of Scotland (1905-10) and of England (from 1910). As director (1910-33) of Greenwich Observatory he greatly expanded its research activities and inaugurated (1928) the wireless tran...
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Sir David Gill
Sir David Gill , 1843-1914, Scottish astronomer, educated at the Univ. of Aberdeen. He made observations of the transits of Venus and Mars and investigated the solar parallax. As astronomer royal (1879-1907) at the Cape of Good Hope, he carried out the geodetic survey of Natal and Cape Colony and or...
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Edward Emerson Barnard
Edward Emerson Barnard 1857-1923, American astronomer, b. Nashville, Tenn., grad. Vanderbilt Univ., 1887. From 1887 to 1895 he was astronomer at Lick Observatory in California, and from 1895 he was professor of practical astronomy at the Univ. of Chicago and astronomer at Yerkes Observatory. The di...
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Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage , 1792-1871, English mathematician and inventor. He devoted most of his life and expended much of his private fortune and a government subsidy in an attempt to perfect a mechanical calculating machine that foreshadowed present-day machines. He was a founder of the Royal Astronomical ...
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Greenwich mean time
Greenwich mean time or Greenwich meridian time (GMT), the former name for mean solar time at the original site of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, which is located on the prime meridian . In 1925 the numbering system was changed to make GMT equivalent to civil time at the prime m...
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John Winthrop
John Winthrop 1714-79, American scientist, b. Boston, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1732. Because of his study of earthquakes, he is sometimes called the founder of seismology. He made scientific observations of sunspots and other astronomical phenomena, lectured on electricity, and was the first important...
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